Lysergic Acid Diethlamide (lsd) :: essays research papers

Lysergic Acid Diethlamide (LSD)LSD or lysergic acid diethlamide is a commonly used dose of teens. LSDis a hallucinogenic medicate which effects the nervous system. The drug is ingestedin many different ways, absorbed through the skin, taken orally or absorbedthrough the eye or ear. This drug was originally developed by the government ofthe United States as a treatment for psychological conditions such(prenominal) as alcoholismand drug addiction. In Canada, where experimentation is not heavily restricted,LSD has been used to reduce the suffering of terminally ill cancer patients.The drug was tested for the effects it would have on autistic children. Thisdrug induces a physiological response that is consistent with that of a centralnervous system stimulant. teeny is known about the effects of LSD, but what isknown shows that it is harmful to the nervous system. Physically, there is anincrease in heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, distention of the pupils,and some facilitat ion of the spinal reflexes.Once ingested, LSD takes approximately 30 to 60 minutes to fully onsetand the effects last anywhere from six hours to tetrad days, depending on thedosage. If taken in large enough amounts, one can die of an overdose of LSD.Psychologically, LSD has a tremendous effect on a person. LSD is anunpredictable drug in which the effects are different each time it is ingested.A person under the influence of LSD ifs swamp with visual experience, as muchwhen the eyes are closed as when open. Light is greatly intensified colors arevivid and seem to gall images are numerous and persistent, yielding a widerange of illusions and hallucinations details are sharp perception of spacedis enhanced music may elicit visual expressions, and light may give theimpressions of sound. Quite often, mood swings occur with unpredictable actionsof the person under the influence of the drug. A feeling of awareness of onesself-importance is greatly enhanced. The lapse of time may slow d own or time may pass

Mistaken Identities: Problems of Movie Discussion Boards :: Online Cyberspace Web Essays

Mistaken Identities Problems of Movie Discussion Boards Theres al elbow rooms another mind there. Its like having the corner bar, complete with old buddies and delightful virgincomers and new tools waiting to take home afresh graffiti and letters, except instead of putting on my coat, shutting the down the computer, and walking down to the corner, I retributive invoke my telecom program and there they are. Its a place is how Howard Rheingold described online communities in his essay The Virtual Community (94). Is this what the world has come to? The particular that shutting down your computer is such(prenominal) a horrid thought that walking down the corner to a bar or a caf becomes phantasmagorical and almost an absurd thought? That this small task has become too much effort to put forth? I would like to believe that such a mind frame does not exist throughout the population. These were just a few of the thoughts that raced through my mind after reading this essay. With Rheingolds recurrent praise of online communities and in reading articles that confirm that others agree with this new lifestyle, I became extremely interested and wanted to learn more. I decided the only way to know what these communities were about was to join one. I chose Internet Movie Database (ImDb) Message board as my mastermindting point. The topic of general film talk caught my interest. I read the posts left by those who had visited the site and found their knowledge of movies to be overwhelming. Many of the members were even able to name characters of many movies. One post was called, epithet that tagline. It proceeded to list ten quotes from random movies. Within minutes responses were given with the answers to to each one quote it was amazing that people were this indulged in movies on a daily basis. some other point I found a bit odd was the language in which the posts were written. It was not typical everyday talk, rather highly structured, as if e ach person was attempting to outdo each previous post. I realized this afternoon that the reason I cant stand him is not because he is dividing up the movie listening into marketing niches and then pandering to them. What he is doing is glomming onto daring artistic statements and movie projects that might be unprofitable if done with integrity, and guaranteeing himself a profit by dumbing them down and star sucking them up to make Oscar bait for a mass audience.

Humorous Wedding Speech †Two Best Men :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech Two Best MenGood afternoon Ladies and Gentlemen - My concern is Steve and this is my partner in crime, Scot. We are the best men today, famed for our double act. Some people may even say we were artists, but I guess youll all realize what kind of artists we are later on this evening. Now, Id like to think that Gary chose Scott and me to be joint best men so that we could both be by his side on his wedding day. However, Scott reckons Gary only picked us for the wedding photos. Me, so hed look slimmer, and Scott, so hed look taller. But in actual fact, it was the brides idea to appoint two best men. She thought one person wouldnt be enough to ensure Gary got to the church on time, smartly dressed and sober. Well, it certainly took more than one person to haul him away from his mini bar last night. Scot It is customary for the best man to take over an embarrassing tale or two from the bridegrooms past. As Garys oldest friend, this part of the speech fell to m e. However, I had two problems with this. Firstly, Gary originally insisted on vetting the speech, which would have meant me going to the trouble of preparing two speeches. Luckily, he relented. Secondly, Gary is the original Mr. Nice Guy and its very difficult to think of anything bad to say about him. So, bear to you Steve Steve I have known Gary a much shorter time than Scot, as you may be able to guess from my youthful good looks and boyish charm. And since I didnt know Gary at school, Ive had to rely on his own version of events regarding his education. From this, I gathered that Gary was an exceptionally gifted student and he excelled in almost everything he did, be it sports, academics or the arts, and he left school to the great sadness of his headmaster Scot Well, I did go to school with Gary and I can tell you thats rubbish. I remember him to be a rather obese, annoying little pupil who excelled at nothing, was constantly picked on, and regularly beaten up and this was j ust by the teachers. He most certainly wasnt gifted at sports either. It didnt matter what game we played, he was useless in every position.

The Development of Video Games Essay -- Technology, Arcade Games

In societys current era of technological advancement, pic gameys have gone a long way since they were first created. Video games in the twenty-first century are no longer just toys or junk in the lifestyles of the youth. They have become innovative inventions that not only entertain its users, but also help aid the plenty in twain the academic field and in jobs. The influences that video games bring about in the culture of the youth today are, in fact, not the negative influences that most people think. Video games are actually this generations new medium for educating the youth. The information they learn are also mostly positive and useful things that they may apply in their future lives (Prensky 4). In a generation that revolves around technology and connectivity, developers and educators have already been able to produce fun and interesting games that bed teach and train people. Video game developers and educators should continue to collaborate in order to create m ore positive, educational, and appealing games. Society in the 1980s proverb games as distraction and a waste of time. Arcade games in 1981 were regarded as a reason for cutting classes. Children and the youth were banned from playing arcade games during shoal hours and past ten in the evening on weekdays, and past midnight on weekends. Laws against children playing in arcades during the banned hours were implemented in order to prevent bring forward disturbances in their studies (Kent 152). Games to the people in the 1980s were merely forms of entertainment that brought about many video game addicts. However, in the early 1980s video game consoles and personal computers were globally popular. This was because most of the machines that had enough power to... ...design and use of learning games through promoting collaboration among scholars, teachers, developers, producers, and so on. LGN also hopes to educate the youth through well-designed and real educational games. T hey help arrange partnerships with developers, educators, and media specialists, and they try to expand the educational gaming field. Presently, video games arent merely toys that negatively influence the youth. They have become an selection means for people to learn and train for work. Games teach values and essential information, and motivate its players to achieve goals. Soldiers and doctors benefit from video games as well. The collaboration of game developers and educators helps reform the quality of educational games. At present, as technology progresses, one can truly see that video games have become an important factor in learning.

NLM Analysis :: essays research papers

Part ILogistic BusinessTransportation, Process to manufactures & 3 keys Shipper needs to ship product or goods by utilize Carrier to Receiver 3rd Party Logistics Provider / ServiceShipper ReceiverType of 3PLsAsset-BasedNon-Asset-BasedRevenue 100% 100%COGS 80 85%70 - 74%Gross Profit Margin15 20%26 30%Asset-Based Owned its own fleet of transportation vehicles i.e. truck, airplanes, railroads and ocean commitmentersNon-Asset-Based without any of their own physical assets.Freight TransportationMultiple shipments air, water, truck, and railTruck segment Ryder, Penske, and Emery Freight to small owner-operated trucking firmIn competition smaller firms developed military strength service or served niche markets Large firms expanded into multiple modes of transport and provide service across a wide rangeAll shipper demanded Goals be transported safety& timely fashionPrice importance all companies (especially large, automakers) want to reduce cost of delivery to customerBig 3 autom aker (Ford, GM, Daimler Chrysler) expression to better management of supply chain (the series of transaction & interaction between suppliers, buyers, and intermediaries) to minimize costs while improving qualityAll parties manufacturers, 3PLs, suppliers could take part in EDI (electronic data interchange)NLM OverviewNational Logistics Management is the only North American Third Party Logistics provider to specialize solely in premium freight for manufacturing industries, including automotive manufacturers. It is non-asset based and has a unique business model that employs its proprietary software to utilize the Internet to determine optimal shipping modes export shipments to its wide carrier base including ground, air freight, and air charter receive bids back form its carrier network evaluate the lowest bids and carrier quality ratings and form shipments based on best price and carrier quality ratings all within a 30-minute window.Company profileFounded in 1991Over 1.3 Millio n shipments successfully managed.Network in North America 200+ Assembly and Manufacturing Plants 6,800+ Suppliers and 300+ Ground, Air Freight, and Air Charter Carriers Financial Information1999 Revenues$ 7.3million No debtTotal percent $ 825 million (10% MKT Share) Employee 11165 in Detroit, Michigan Office36 Logistic coordinators & Supervisors7 Audit Team1 Marketing & Business Development2 IT TeamBusiness Model Business to BusinessNLM to Big 3 automaker (Ford, GM, Daimler Chrysler)NLM manages the return of containers to over 130 suppliers throughout North America.The returnable container computer program is part of an industry-wide greening strategy to reduce landfill use and decrease production-source pollution. Suppliers ship their products to the plant in returnable, reusable plastic containers. Most containers are returned to the suppliers within a 12-24 hour period. NLM determines release quantities and ship frequencies for containers and monitors supplier inventories.

NLM Analysis :: essays research papers

Part ILogistic BusinessTransportation, Process to manufactures & 3 keys Shipper needs to ship product or goods by using Carrier to Receiver 3rd Party Logistics Provider / ServiceShipper ReceiverType of 3PLsAsset-BasedNon-Asset-BasedRevenue 100% 100%COGS 80 85%70 - 74%Gross Profit Margin15 20%26 30%Asset-Based Owned its own fleet of transportation vehicles i.e. truck, airplanes, railroads and maritime freightersNon-Asset-Based without any of their own physical assets.Freight TransportationMultiple shipments air, water, truck, and railTruck segment Ryder, Penske, and Emery Freight to small owner-operated trucking firmIn controversy smaller firms developed specialty service or served niche markets Large firms expanded into multiple modes of transport and provide service across a broad rangeAll shipper demanded Goals be transported safety& timely fashionPrice importance all companies (especially large, automakers) want to reduce cost of delivery to customer unsound 3 automaker (Ford, GM, Daimler Chrysler) looking to better management of supply chain (the series of transaction & interaction between suppliers, buyers, and intermediaries) to minimize costs while amend qualityAll parties manufacturers, 3PLs, suppliers could participate in EDI (electronic data interchange)NLM OverviewNational Logistics Management is the only North American Third Party Logistics provider to specialize altogether in premium freight for manufacturing industries, including automotive manufacturers. It is non-asset based and has a unique business model that employs its proprietary software to utilize the Internet to determine optimal shipping modes export shipments to its vast carrier base including ground, air freight, and air charter receive bids back form its carrier network evaluate the final bids and carrier quality ratings and coordinate shipments based on best price and carrier quality ratings all within a 30-minute window.Company profileFounded in 1991Over 1.3 Millio n shipments successfully managed.Network in North America 200+ Assembly and Manufacturing Plants 6,800+ Suppliers and 300+ Ground, Air Freight, and Air Charter Carriers Financial discipline1999 Revenues$ 7.3million No debtTotal share $ 825 million (10% MKT Share) Employee 11165 in Detroit, Michigan Office36 Logistic coordinators & Supervisors7 Audit Team1 trade & Business Development2 IT TeamBusiness Model Business to BusinessNLM to Big 3 automaker (Ford, GM, Daimler Chrysler)NLM manages the return of containers to over 130 suppliers throughout North America.The returnable container program is part of an industry-wide greening strategy to reduce landfill use and decrease production-source pollution. Suppliers ship their products to the plant in returnable, reusable plastic containers. or so containers are returned to the suppliers within a 12-24 hour period. NLM determines release quantities and ship frequencies for containers and monitors supplier inventories.

The Government”s Taking of Private Property

The Constitution of the United States is based primarily on the ideas of the 17th Century position philosopher John Locke. Locke thought that everyone had natural rights, which included life, liberty, and spot. Locke stated the great and chief end, therefore, of mens uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under g all overnment, is the preservation of property (Locke/ McClaughry 3). He thought that if any of these rights were violated that the violator should make restitution.The Takings Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states Nor sh either private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. When the government needs a citizens private property to build roads or buildings, they compensate the person with money roughly lucifer to the value of that persons realm. The problem of the government winning or restricting a citizens land arises with decree of private property. John McClaughry defines restrictive pickings as a governmental c onfiscation or destruction of economic rights by regulation, without the physical occupation which would trigger just compensation to the proprietor (McClaughry 7).The crusade of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council is an example of regulatory taking. In the plate of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, Lucas bought two adjacent lots on the coast of the isle of Palms in South Carolina, only to have the land restricted by the state, which prevented his intended use of the lots. Lucas argued that the states restriction of the land constituted taking without just compensation. The South Carolina address of Common Pleas agreed with Lucas and awarded him $1,232,387. 50.The self-governing Court of South Carolina disagreed with the lower court, and saying that the restrictions were designed to prevent serious public disability so no compensation was necessary, even if it did affect the propertys value. Lucas appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States decided on Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council in June of 1992. This was four years after the Beachfront Management flake, which prohibited formulation on Lucas lots, was enacted in 1988. An amendment was made to the Act in 1990 that would bring home the bacon construction in special situations.Lucas could possibly appeal to the Council and receive a permit to build on his lots at the time of the Supreme Court hearings. Lucas argued that the deprivation of use of his land from 1988-1990 amounted to a taking. The Supreme Court decided to grant certiorari. According to Locke, the governments purpose is to protect and enforce piles natural rights. One of the natural rights, according to Locke, is life. The coastal area of the Isle of Palms that Lucas lots were on has been plagued with floods. Justice Blackmun stated that the land was under pissing from 1957 until 1963.In addition, between 1981 and 1983, the Isle of Palms getting evend twelve emergency or ders for sandbagging to protect property (Blackmun 2). The state of South Carolina saw Lucas property as unsafe. Long ago it was recognized that all property in this country is held under the implied obligation that the owners use of it shall non be injurious to the community, and the Takings Clause did not transform that principle to one that requires compensations whenever the State asserts its power to enforce it (Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass. 491-492).The states prevention of building on the site in question would not only foreseeably save the beach from erosion, insurance and federal aid money, but possibly lives. The Supreme Court ruled in this case that when all value has been taken from property that the owner essential receive compensation for it. The question still stands as to whether the state caused the land to become valueless by restricting the building upon it. Justice Blackmun argued, yet the trial court, apparently believing that less value and valueless could be used interchangeably, found the property valueless (Blackmun 5).He goes on to propose that the land still held value because Lucas could enjoy it in other ways, such as camping, swimming, picnicking, or placing a nimble home on it. The value of the property often lies in the eye of the beholder. In Colorado, a piece of legislation is being proposed that might become a model for other states where property rights are concerned. The Private Property Protection Act would allow a landowner to seek compensation when a regulation takes away more than fifty percent of the lands value (McClaughry 4).This act hopes to establish a standard for the most serious regulatory yield and to afford a method of relief for a landowner whose rights have been taken according to McClaughry (McClaughry 8). In 1997, Senator Hatch (R-UT) introduced a piece of legislation called the Citizens Access to Justice Act. This Act would reduce delay and expense of litigation by clearly defining when a property owners cite is ripe for adjudication (Annett 2). This piece of legislation would help speed the process that is so costly for property owners.The Private Property Rights Implementation Act was passed in October of 1997. This Act helps owners pass their first hurdle by allowing them to have the merits of their case heard in federal court. The Tucker Act Shuffle Relief Act, also passed in October of 1997, helps citizens pass the second hurdle by resolving the jurisdictional question for federal courts (Annett 3). Even though the Supreme Courts ruling in Lucas pictureed promising for property rights advocates, it turned out not to be such a big win after all.Justice Scalia limited the application of the ruling to total takings, excluding partial takings. The distinction between total and partial takings is arbitrary and inconsistent with the purposes of the Takings Clause (Butler 3). It is possible that one landowner could relapse more money on a piece of property that is only part ially taken and not receive compensation for it, when another landowner could be compensated for a piece of land that is not wholly worth as much as the other owners partial piece. The Supreme Courts partial versus total taking has made a big impact upon lower court judges however.The lower courts are exploitation the termination as a standard by which to judge regulatory property rights cases across the board. Many defendants are attempting to use the ruling, to fight prohibited construction on their land, where it is not applicable. Defendants cannot claim their land is valueless simply because they might have developed it in the future (Butler 5). The other relevant part of the Lucas decision is that if the activity was previously permitted under relevant property and nuisance principles, then the prohibition of the activity would be a total regulatory taking that must(prenominal) be compensated (Butler 6).Justice Blackmun ponders whether the government is going to be able to continue if it must weigh the possibility of compensation when making laws outlawing serious dangers to society. However, if all economically beneficial uses are not destroyed by the regulation, then it does not matter whether or not the activity was previously permitted. Another case of regulatory property taking that is still on the state level is the expansion of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Regional Airport. With the expansion of the airport, increased air traffic would be flying over the nearby Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge.In compensation for the affects on the habitat, the Fish and Wildlife Service is going to be paid over $20 million (Young 1). However, the money is going to come from fees and charges placed on people using the airport. When someone from the private sector causes detriment to federal lands they must compensate the government for the lost lands. The end of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council remains to be told. The South Carolina Supreme Court or dered the state of South Carolina to bargain for the two lots in question from David Lucas.The state then put the two lots on the market as residential sites. Perhaps the courts should look beyond the public-interest rhetoric and examine the validity of the alleged public purpose (Butler 7). This is the other side of regulatory takings. If the states are required to pay property owners millions of dollars for the land in question, are they going to be able to uphold the Acts and legislation that got them there? Lockes natural rights seem to conflict over the regulatory taking of private property.The natural right to life appears to have precedent over the natural right to property according to the governments actions in traffic with regulatory takings. The government says that the taking of the land is in the best interest of society, but rights of the individu al are being overlooked. When the taking is free to the government, it appears to be a good plan of action for them. When the government must pay for their land, they weigh the pros and cons of their decisions a little more heavily. The Lucas case is full of precedents, good and bad, for both sides of the issue of regulatory takings.

Assassination of a Dictator – Justifiable?

Throughout history, there have been many potentates who have ruled with an iron fist. Julius Ceasar of Rome, Joseph Stalin of Russia, Nicolea Ceausescu or Romania, and Adolf Hitler of Germany were to name a few famous dictators. Dictators rule countries with absolute power, fetching away the rights and choices of citizens. Most would argue that the assassination of a dictator is a good, justifiable thing to do, and I find myself coupleing. Yet, notwithstanding dictators unrighteous actions, there ar some who still argue against getting rid of oppressive leaders. If a dictator is killed, many deaths could be prevented.The killing would be for the greater good. Who wouldnt go back in time to kill Hitler? Thousands of lives would be spared. One death, in comparison, is trivial. These dictators do not just pose a panic internally they are a threat to everyone. A dictators assassination could even prevent a war. Although most people assosciate assassinations with outside interfe rence, this often isnt the case. During World war Two, Hitlers own generals plotted the Fuhrers downfall. These movements were very close to being successful, but for a spy at heart the conspiracy.Even Joseph Stalin, the Man of Steel, was not immune to traitors within his Polit Bureau. Julius Ceasar himself was killed by his assosciates and supposed best friend after declaring himself dictator for life. When these people seize power, they are determined to hold on to it through fair promoter or foul. Their assassination may be the only way to change a country from dictatorship to democracy, particularly if an internal police force chthonian the leaders rule has been upholding his or her leave and preventing internal opposition.A popular arguement against the assassination of a dictator is that there is an alternative to being them to justice. The leaders can be put on trial, and be held responsible for their crimes. The International Criminal Court provides a permanent means t o go about this, and acts as a deterent against anyone fetching complete control. Slobodan Milosevic was able to be put on trial for his deeds, and Saddam Hussein faced justice in Iraq. However, this alternative method would allow the dictator to be in power for longer, and they would still have some power.Not all trials are fair, and the dictator may escape justice, and continue as they were. The attempt could also make them look untouchable, or even heroic. I think that, if the situation calls for it, dictators should be assassinated. Although some pro-life, and anti-death penalty protestors would disagree with this form of justice, there will always be disagreements about this contraversial topic. Although assassination is illegal, not much that dictators do is legal either. Killing a dictator is for the greater good. Any utilitarian would agree that, by taking out the root, the problem can be easily solved.By removing the driving force, the whole system of the dictator would co lapse, dying with them. Dictators oppress citizens, and devour away basic rights, such as the right to be heard. In order to give people back their rights, the dictators must be removed. One soulfulness is a small price to pay for this, particularly if the dictator is bloody. Take Joseph Stalin, for example. He personally signed the deaths of nine thousand people, and killed many others indirectly. By taking away one life, so many thousands could be saved. Even the people close to dictators want them gone who wouldnt?The populace of countries taken over by dictators submit a signal to find the courage and daring to campaign for change. What better way to signal than to take out the bad guy? The thoughts against assassination, I feel, are simple remnants of the rules of war, from long ago. In a war, it is okay to kill perfectly innocent citizens. Yet, it is immoral to kill the leader? This, to me, makes no sense. From saltmines to glasnost, from stalags to democracy, from apartit e to Nelson Mandella walking free, from fascism to capitalism, peace of mind and progress can be achieved by the removal of dictatorships. -January 2011

Jamaican History (Basic) 5th Grade

jamaica was i a the largest sugar producing country inah the caribbean . Jamaica, the third largest Caribbean island, was inhabited by Arawak natives when it was first sighted by the second voyage of Christopher Columbus on 5 May 1494. Columbus himself was stranded on Jamaica from 1503 to 1504 during his fourth voyage.The Spanish settled in Jamaica in 1509 and held the island against many privateer raids from their main city, now called Spanish Town, which served as capital of Jamaica from its founding in 1534 until 1872. In 1655 Jamaica was conquered by the English, although the Spanish did non relinquish their claim to the island until 1670. Jamaica became a base of operations for privateers, including Captain Henry Morgan, operating from the main English settlement Port Royal.In return these privateers kept the other(a) colonial powers from attacking the island. Following the destruction of Port Royal in the great earthquake of 1692 refugees settled across the bay in Kingston which by 1716 had become the biggest town in Jamaica and became the capital city in 1872. Until the early 19th century Africans were captured, kidnapped, and forced into slavery to work on plantations when sugarcane became the around important export of the island.Adam Taylors slaves had arrived in Jamaica via the Atlantic slave trade during the same time enslaved Africans arrived in North America. During this time there were many racial tensions, and Jamaica had one of the highest instances of slave uprisings of any Caribbean island. 1 After the British crown abolished slavery in 1834, the Jamaicans began working toward independence. Since independence in 1962 there have been political and economic disturbances, as well as a number of strong political leaders

‘America’ by Jean Baudrillard

During the dawning of the new age, the States has always fascinated foreigners with its magnificence and grandeur as if in alluring then to come and research its endless possibilities. Even philosophers of arts and sciences as s advantageously up as well known personalities in the field of literature describe their the Statesn travel as exciting and memorable. They atomic number 18 all captivated by the countrys coarse wide open spaces, plentys culture and advances in technology.One of Frances leading philosophers Jean Baudrillard, well known for his post neoism and mysterious philosophical views on diachronic and present events was also captivated by Americas striking elements of cultures and advancement. Baudrillard became more encouraged to launch his own travel when he learned of French philosopher Tocquevilles American journey. And so in the mid-1980s, Baudrillard do his own travelog and documented his findings in his countersign, America (1988).This book was originall y written in French and presented Baudrillards observations of American culture, advancement in civilization as well as the illness of America itself. According to him, what can be read from this book is merely his observation on his visit and should not be interpreted seriously simply not necessarily for granted. Baudrillard was known for his witty and opposing views which he clearly shown from his other composes.His use of metaphor and linguistic style whitethorn not be so common to everybody but reading his lines in all and understanding his motives will bring you to conclusion that he was really an observer and a critic with extra-ordinary perception on events (Baudrillard, 1989) Most part of the book talk close to many of the states he visited as well as his discovery of the people, what is inside them and how they live in their societies. One can notice his astonishment with America which he wrote in his roughly charmed but satirical manner.Part of the book which expoun d best what America is all ab turn out was Astral America. On this section, he give tongue to that being in America was like being in the land of Utopia where everybody seems to be living in their blissful society, pick up with amenities, freedom and the advantages using the latest technology. The book America also discusses many significant observations and his analytic thinking which he put in many sections such(prenominal) as Vanishing Point, New York, Utopia Achieved, The End of US Power and Desert For Ever and Astral America.Astral America describe the highest point where America already has its lead in innovations, extensive urbanization and great industrialization among other industrialized nations. Although Europe was already enhanced in toll of industrialization during the 1980s , America has always been the leader in the aspect of economic advantage. This probably encouraged Baudrillard to travel to America and see profoundly for himself the status of a grand nation t hat is continually moving and upgrading itself to be more secured and independent.Reading Astral America, you could feel Baudrillards awe for Americas vast territory and its advancement in many angles. Its modern populations spread among great cities and lands where everybody lives in glorious days. His description of this nation was of a prosperous country where Disneyland is a place people from all over the naturalism want to visit. Furthermore, he said that you could find in this nation the consummate(a) combination of entertainment and fantasy. Everybody do their job with their modern machines and the use of their technology for entertainment is endless.As he was quoted on following Astral America. The lyrical nature of pure circulation.. As against the melancholy of European analyses The exhilaration of obscenity, the obscenity of obviousness, the obviousness of antecedent, the power of simulationSideration. Star-blasted, horizontally by the car, altitudinally by the plane, electronically by television, geologically by deserts, stereolithically by the megalopoloi, trans governmentally by the power game, the power museum that American has become for the whole dry land (Baudrillard, 1989, p. 27).However, throughout his American travel, Baudrillard made the impression that he was conscious of his status as a European because of the comparison on what he saw. In between the lines, he described Europe as an inescapably old, ethnic, contrived, confined and accustomed with lesser modernization wherein he view America as more than the reality, formed into a vast realization of cultures and colorful depiction of replication from different cultures. Such as on the following excerpts Why should I go and decentralize myself in France, in the ethnic and the local, which be merely the shreds and vestiges of centrality?I want to excentre myself, to become eccentric, but I want to do so in a place that is the centre of the world. And, in this sense, the latest fast -food outlet, the most banal suburb, the blandest of giant American cars or the most insignificant cartoon-strip majorette is more at the centre of the world than any of the cultural manifestations of old Europe (Baudrillard, 1989) But Baudrillard also declared some critical views about America. Here, he said that other Europeans see the grand nation as a land of barbarism. That although it was a great nation full of life and explode with opportunities, it has also its own disease and flaws.In Astral America, he does not see America as all glory although it is unlike Europe that had its dark historical days on wars. He sees America as a vast desert where culture, politics and gender are in a state of commotion. thither is also hunger, internal conflict, discrimination and prejudice. He wrote that America always gives me a feeling of ascetism. Culture, politics and sexuality too are seen exclusively in terms of the desert, which here assumes the status of a primal sceneEven the bo dy, by an ensuing effect of undernourishment, prosecutes on a transparent form, lightness near to shade disappearance.Everything around me suffers this same desertification (Baudrillard, 1989). Even at the rural sides of America, the grandest of homes and the beauty of the landscapes cannot hide the over simplicity that is embracing the monotonous life of the American people. Thus the Utopian dream cannot be in full reality itself but only a temporary solace from the joltingness of the Western life. America after all is not free of problems but unlike other nations it is undeniably one big nation that faces its problem head on. As Baudrillard was quoted on the following On the aromatic hillsides of Santa Barbara, the villas are all like funeral homes.Between the gardenias and the eucalyptus tress, among the profusion of plant genuses and the monotony of the human species, lies the tragedy of a utopia dream made realityThis is Americas problem and, through America, it has become the whole worlds problem (Baudrillard, 1989), p. 30) But even as Baudrillards depiction of life to the harsh environment of the Americans, he said they can take setbacks squarely. That even in war one can observe their presence of mind is always intact. also he never failed to observe Americas ruler and their set on their people.Nevertheless, he also took notice of American politics as well as he sees political power in America as a uniting factor which binds people in one great nation. Although he never mentioned of France leaders in America as well as its absence on the section on Astral America, his discussion with Americas leaders did signify that there is also a difference between his countrys rulers as well as Americas political leaders. His mentioned of Americas leaders as they influence the whole America in their fight for freedom and justice were properly justified.In Astral America, he wrote some lines on the countrys leaders influence on their people. As he wrote that T he smile of immunity, the smile of advertising This country is good. I am good. We are the best. It is also Reagans smile the culmination of the self-satisfaction of the entire American nation which is on the way to becoming the sole doctrine of government (Baudrillard, 1989). In terms of advancement, Baudrillards interpret Americas perfect expansion of technology with the latest use of transportation and communication.Cities were alive with people and modern structures. All kinds of recreations and sports are there recognizing it as the power museum of the world. He even asks himself why he should stay in France and be with the shadow of France when he can even stay in America and do what the Americans do. But comes here comes Baurillards strict observation. He theorized that America could just be a dream or a reality. He said that although he considers this country much like Utopia where everything may be in realistic and in impossible state he only see its population as if l iving in simulation.They can be the model of lesser nations and ideal material of the modern world but they also have flaws and infirmities. He further discusses that America was like a giant hologram as if all information is contained in one whole element and holds everything in place. For example, every state from every direction offered the same services as he delightfully stated America is neither dream nor reality. It is a hyperreality. It is a hyperreality because it is a utopia which has behaved from the very beginning as though it were already achieved.Everything here is real and pragmatic, and yet it is all the hurl of dreams, tooThe Americans, for their part, have no sense of simulation. They are themselves the simulation(Baudrillard, 1989). The book America also talks about the hostility of the Wild West, the dazzling snuff it of the jazz, the sluggish and morbid deserts of the South-West, the neon lights of the motels and gang warfare in New York City. He also sees Am erica as a vast expel space with savage and mixed-cultured people populating the cities.In short, he sees America as an advance nation existing with all its special effects but taking a deeper look inside its system is a hollow society living in an artificial world. During his class film lectures, he always discusses about the Vietnam contend in the 1960s. He claimed that in reality, America did not win the war on the ground but only paralyzed the small Asian country. Although the US was always portrayed as victorious such as on popular movies like The Apocalypse Now and Platoon, accordingly these films did not significantly depicted reality but were made only for entertainment with the use of modern cinematography.From the French journal Liberation, Baudrillard stated that the 1991 Gulf War did not actually take place. That everything people have seen on TV was only hyperreal images created and manipulated by no less than the newest technology on cinematography. That America has only made a perfect visual art that artificially portrayed realism to achieve a striking and realistic effect but actually did not presented the real photographic representation of what is behind the event.Throughout the 1990s, almost all of Baudrillards encounter focus on hyperreality theme of the postmodern culture and yet his writings are sometimes disjointed and aphoristic. To simply said, his works expresses his own opinion or even the general truth but not necessarily the reality itself. On the twentieth of November 2005, Deborah Solomon of the New York Times Magazine interviewed the French philosopher regarding some background and belief of the archetype French intellectual. Solomon wants to dig deeper to discover what is behind the mans feeling as a journalist and a philosopher.From the interview, Baudrillard always respond with alertness and proudly discussed his philosophical views on life, the realities of war, and the attitude of man toward logical thinking and wide r easoning. Although the interview leads to a seemingly ridiculous question such as how he believes that the US invasion of Iraq was to spread freedom and not war, Baudrillard answered his most palaver answer. He stated that What we want is to put the rest of the world on the same level of masquerade and parody that we are on, to put the rest of the world into simulation, so all the world becomes total artifice and then we are all-powerful.Its a game (cited by Parker, 2005). This led to Solomons conclusion that Baudrillards ideas although are unfathomable at first glance, they are however most fascinating and compelling. That this man who uses his intellect to surmise and analyzed things in his most amusing and fox manner was a serious man. He normally uses words like hyperreal and transistorize to commonly describe on what he believes in. Baudrillard writes with a kind of unstoppable electric lyricism that is fast-paced but transparent. He diced his statements with jargon and somet imes uses technological idiom that provides his prose a metaphorical suppleness.His accounts which he diligently introduced in his book America were put through most depictive and striking description while identifying the facets of the modern American life. Of New York for example, he wrote that It is a world only rotten with wealth, power, senility, indifference, puritanism, and mental hygiene, poverty and waste, technological futility and aimless violence, and yet I cannot help but feel it has about it something of the dawning of the universe (Parker, 2005). His great influence on literature can also be seen on the blockbuster movie The Matrix.Filmmakers Andy and Larry Wachowski picked the idea when they discover of Baudrillards book Simulacra and Simulation. Although Baudrillard do not like the idea that his work would be represented in a film that is not real, he said that the scheme of using his work was not properly advised and called for. Some people consider his works as u nbiased literature that are constantly intriguing while they move through the borders of normal criticisms. Mr. Baudrillard tackled different subjects ranging from race and gender, art and literature, to the present day trauma such as the September 11 terrorism.Although his comments are openly misquoted and misunderstood they altogether sparked controversy. Nevertheless he was clearly known as more than an observer with alarming analytical mind and always opinionated with his own subliminal eccentricity. The editor program for Lire literary magazine Francois Busnel said of Mr. Baudrillard that he was unique in his own ways because he is very independent in his ideas and does not take sides. Considered as a postmodern guru of our time, his observation and analysis of todays society emanate from his own distinction to shape in with any theoretical category.Wearing deep-chested glasses, his look emanates a warm personality although many know him for his black humor and witty aphorism s. He was always quoted for his postulation of todays world where everyone lived in his simulated world that the real thing has vanished and everything was replaced with artificial feelings and situations. As a proof that things were getting unreal in our world were the establishment of obtain malls, amusement parks, sensationalized TV programs and news programs. Television shows and films are only animated by no less than actors devoid of authenticity and meaning.He always advises the media that the pursue for reality cannot be truly accomplished because the world today abounds with illusions. His interview in 2005 by no less than The New York Times was all about his beliefs on todays values and the need for freedom. Baudrillard was quoted that all of mans values are simulated and that freedom was the most abused of all the disposed privileges. That anybody have a choice between buying material things because it is a simulation of freedom. He also criticized the practice of the c onsumers in which they buy material things out of necessity but of the status and label on the production.Again, as we refer in his travelogue Astral America which he originally wrote in 1986, he was remembered writing that America has all the simulated freedom in purchasing and having things that is not really necessary. For him, Americas advantage in terms of product availability is the original version of modernity as the French were just a copy with subtitles. He could be implying that although America having to exist in complete state of unreality was still adored and looked upon by no less than another great nation as France.Although he was always aloof and shunned media most of the time, his articles can frequently be found on newspapers in Paris. The Spirit of Terrorism And Requiem for the Twin Towers was one of his recognized writings which he made in dedication of the 9/11 attack. He argued that through creating self reality, the Islamic fundamentalists have made their ow n simulation that the West would constantly be their targets for terrorism. Baudrillard was oftentimes branded as obscure, indifferent and reversely opinionated because he was unlike other postmodernists as he always disagrees with simple reasoning.Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont, two author and publisher of the 1998 book Fashionable Nonsense Postmodern Intellectuals Abuse of Science also have something to say on Baudrillards attitude and comments. They said that, if the texts seem incomprehensible, it is for the excellent reason that they mean precisely nothing (Cohen, 2007). But the French critic does not give a damn on such acid remark. He said that, what Im going to write will have less and less chance of being understood but thats my problem (Cohen, 2007),On March 6 this year Jean Baurillard died in Paris of long time illness at the age of 77. The internationally famous and influential French intellectual who achieved world fame for his rhetoric that is always incomprehensible b y the simplest of mind and the author of more than 50 books left a vacant space in the midst of a denser and over-apocalyptic mesh of misunderstood scenarios. A legend of his own kind, he will never be forgotten by those who believe in his underlying principles and unusual philosophical views (Cohen, 2007).Jean Baudrillard may not be so popular to many because of his indifference to the common postmodernist literary figures. But upsetting common analysis of a situation through independent reasoning and protracted logic somewhat separated him from the ordinary that are overused and boring. We may never see one like him in our modern age but somebody might dare to be different in reasoning just like him and might also provide us a more in-depth perception of things and events.His book America provides us the view on how an intellectual personality like Jean Baurillard sees America from different perspective. In Astral America he introduced us more with a deeper understanding on how a European see America as a modern world but full of artificial elements that produces artificial excitement. Although his intention in writing this travelogue was only to write about a simple travelling experience, many considered this literature as his way to present America to the people in Europe what in reality America is.References Baudrillard, J. (1989). America Verso. Book. http//books. google. com/books? id=73CCg_I_rKsC&pg=PA27&dq=Jean+Baudrillard+Astral+America&sig=RRWmj6kYLk-pDpemPyPahbeMouk Cohen, P. (2007, March 7, 2007). Jean Baudrillard, 77, Critic and Theorist of Hyperreality, Dies The New York Times from http//www. nytimes. com/2007/03/07/books/07baudrillard. hypertext markup language? _r=1&oref=slogin Parker, H. (2005). Old Europe, Astral America On Jean Baudrillard, Nassau Weekly. Magazine. http//www. nassauweekly. com/view_article. php? id=408.

L’origine Du Monde Essay

LOrigine du monde is an oil mental picture realized by Courbet in 1866. It may be the most contr oversial second of blind that the famous artist has ever presented. Consisting of a 4655 centimeters close up on a fair sexs fork, the movie controls either the conventions shatter and braces whatever interview uncomfort up to(p). This es asseverate first explores the historical trajectory of LOrigine du monde, from its origins to its rediscovery since 1995.The painting results from Courbets imaginary as well as a precise historical context the era of the Second Empire was indeed characterized by its interest for nude and erotic painting, what encouraged Courbet to revitalize in his graphic manner this kind of practicing art. Considered as scandalous, the picture has remained hidden during almost one century until its being given to the Orsay Museum, which the baste of art enters on the 26th June 1995. turning to a more precise analysis of the painting, the essay then empha sizes its ambiguity although the aim of the lynx was to represent the reality of a woman body, trying to take place objectiveness, there is also a will to make the audience react, mind about his relation to nudity. Therefore, the paper leans upon the taxonomy of nudity vs. nakedness in order to take in the peculiar typeface of this painting. The last issue the paper deals with is the question of genders in LOrigine du monde. Lots of artists get hold of included Courbets painting in their artwork.A case in point of this broad reinterpretation is Orlans photograph entitled Wars Origin Orlan took the similar disposition up for its picture as Courbets one but represented a mans genitals instead. By the play on words between both titles, she makes LOrigine du monde enter the gender debate, using nudity as a weapon and genitals as witnesses. Introduction The gender debate highlights the difficulty to get over the biologics and give a accessible definition of woman. The status of wo men artists and broadly talking the relation between art and women atomic number 18 some quite good indicators of these difficulties.They service revealing the huge evolution which art has experienced over one century regarding the feminine gender. Since feminist movements rose in modern societies during the s chargeties, it seems like women learn tried to get rid of the taboos around their body. Although they were meant to protect decency, the sense of modesty has in fact pr change surfaceted any social evolution of the status of woman and any changing in the social perception of her body. Dealing with this issue one hundred years before it becomes one of the main topics of public debate, Courbet painted LOrigine du monde in 1866.Consisting of a 4655 centimeters close up on a womans genitals, the picture makes all the conventions shatter and gets any audience uncomfortable, what may explain the chaotic history of this piece of art. We may therefore wonder what Courbets intents w ere by choosing to bring such a provocative picture to the fore. In which debate did he want his work to take part? What is the current role of LOrigine du monde in the gender show? LOrigine du monde a time bomb The painting genesis How did Courbet come to this piece of art?This has been the big questioning since Courbet has painted it in secret in the 1860s. Several forward pictures had yet announced the tone of what would be named much later LOrigine du monde. A case in point is the painting Paresse et Luxure, also dated from 1866, where the artist stages two women making love. We could also quote Les Baigneuses painted in 1853 that shows a naked fat woman coming out of the water, with all her rolls of fat and her smudged feet. Courbet has a real fascination for womans body which he aim at representing with no effect, in his infixed and to him beautiful state.To realize its close up, the painter surely got inspirited from pornographic photographs which were becoming more and more numerous at that time. He also brought his imaginative world in Courbet spent his whole childishness in the mountains of the Jura, and LOrigine du monde presents a troubling likeness with a drawing he had realized in his youth of the entry of La Dame verte cave. The same disposition, close colors, all these factors contribute to make womans genitals become fascinating and schemer, like this cave that utilise to fill Courbets dreams in. The historical contextAt the time Courbet painted LOrigine du Monde, nudity was a fashionable topic. The audience was keen of vaguely erotic pieces of art provided they were idealized, almost immaterial. olibanum many artists who represented nudity and exhibited their paintings at the Salon des representations became famous and obtained a great recognition for their work. Among these, considered nowadays as academic or change surface classical, lets quote Alexandre Cabanel and his painting entitled La Naissance de Venus. It represents a nak ed woman surrendered by a few putti who is having an orgasm.Though, due to the mythological topic, this piece of art has not been considered as scandalous at the time it has been presented, in 1863. This is precisely what Courbet rejects. To his mind, this way of painting womens body is hypocritical. His ultimate goal is to get as close as possible from reality, and not to conform to the classic rules. The way he paints fleshes is therefore interesting he gives them a crude harmony and bright colors. The exile until 1995 In 1864, Venus et Psyche a previous painting from Courbet was refused at the Salon because of its indecency.This do show that the audience could not have appreciated LOrigine du monde people would have simply rejected it without trying to understand its message. Thats why Courbet kept his work hidden until his death. hide behind a green tapestry, he showed it to some rare and privileged visitors, which he considered as able to understand the artistic intents behin d genitals. The piece of art has ever since had a chaotic story going from owner to owner, the painting remains reserved to a restricted circle of initiates. A roman has even been published that tells the whole story of the piece of art Le roman de lOrigine by Bernard Teyssedre.It ends with the entry of LOrigine du monde, in Orsay museum on the 26th, June 1995. In a nutshell, the painting has experienced a long exile from its being realized in secret to its being revealed to the world in 1995. One century turned the spotlights here is the price of Courbets brilliant audacity. which asks the question of nudity. 1. Construction of the painting LOrigine du monde is an oil painting that offers an unconventional and pornographic framing of a womans body. In the center of the picture, she presents her pubis topped by an imposing hairiness contrasting with the pervasive flesh.She also shows generously proportioned hips and belly. We can even make a breast out, which is partly hidden by the white woolen surrounding the paintings subject. In both bottom corners, there are wide thighs, which emphasize the pinkish crack in the foreground that is like a knife wound in the picture. 2. A naked woman Courbet was issued from the realist movement. That is to say that he contemplated to draw intimacys as he saw them, trying to r from each one what he considered as objectiveness. Thats partly what he did by painting LOrigine du monde. What is it? A naked woman, nothing more, nothing less.There is no fig-leaf to hide what conventions would condemn. There is nothing else than the woman on the picture her body is the only thing represented, what means that it has an interest in itself. Nakedness becomes the subject of the painting. But nakedness does not imply aesthetics. Courbet painted each roll of fat, each stretch mark, each hair that constitutes this dark and schemer hole in the middle of the picture. He wanted to draw a woman, not the woman as men were used to idealizing her , because even if the first is only part of the diversity of women in the world, the second one is linked with fantasy rather than with reality.Thats what John Berger described as nakedness to be naked is to be oneself he said. Who then could be more naked than the model of LOrigine du monde? A nude woman However, shall we abnegate any longer that there is something more than description in this picture? No we dont The first sign which shows that Courbet did not content himself with painting what he saw is the position of the models legs. They make a right angle quite an uncomfortable position which has nothing natural He did not paint a sleeping woman he painted a woman voluntarily and deliberately exhibiting her genitals.This painting seems to be aggressive even if this woman has no head, she looks at the audience and encourages viewers to examine her pubis. They cannot look elsewhere whatever they do, the picture wins Courbet shows what should not be visible what cause any viewer to become a voyeur who must face his own relationship to nudity. This way, the model is nude rather than naked. According to John Berger and the famous taxonomy we have already dealt with, to be nude is to be seen naked by others. Nudity is placed on display. Here we are LOrigine du monde carries a message to the viewer.Its awful nature is no goal, but a mean to make us mind about our relation to nudity. An ode to woman 1. Unveiling the sacred Religions are sharpness to regulate relations between what is sacred and what is on Earth. Sense of modesty has been enforced by the Christianity in the Middle-age. It is thus a product of religion that tells us which corporal behavior is acceptable and which is not. Religion has become the intermediate between us and our body, above all as far as womans body is concerned. Christianity established rules to interact with nudity. Nudity must not be public, naked body should never be seen.Courbet parodies this narrow-minded way of thinking w ith LOrigine du monde. First, the circumlocution that constitutes the title is revealing endowing the womans genitals with the power of creation, he gives to his work a universal dimension, a solemnity that contrasts with the effective subject of the painting. This should never be seen? Well Courbet dedicated a whole painting where he tried to be as accurate as he was able to. A single detail misses the model seems to have no clitoris. Maybe another way Courbet found to give his work a more unspoilt tone to mock the Christian vision of nudity.Another case in point is the white woolen under the model, which almost gives a mythological zephyr to the painting. In a nutshell, Courbet displays contempt towards classical vision of nudity by unveiling what should never be seen. But this distancing with classical vision goes further he aims to put woman social status in question. LOrigine du Monde vs. LOrigine de la guerre In 1989, a French artist, Orlan, realized LOrigine de la guerre, w hich is real a rerun of Courbets painting. It is a photograph of a mans tumid genitals, where the disposition is scrupulously the same as in LOrigine du monde.The style is also meant to match perfectly with the realism of her model Orlan chose photography a proof of Courbets talent to draw reality. She even has imitated the baroque cat of LOrigine du monde so as to make the parallel between her work and Courbets one get striking. Why did she so? In fact, Orlan had understood the polemical impact of LOrigine du monde behind the struggle on decency issue. She had foreseen that the painting dealt with woman rather than with nudity. As a consequence, she wanted it to enter the gender debate and thats what she did by exhibiting her piece of art entitled LOrigine de la guerre.The play on words between both titles is the starting point of her message. Man is violent, dominant, what may be emphasized by the fact the penis has been represented in erection. Sexuality is a mean for man to s ettle his domination, whereas womans genitals represent life and peace. By putting the blame on man, Orlan speaks in favor of woman. By rerunning Courbets work, she allows for a better understanding of its message. Womans status in question We saw that Courbet, through his painting, puts the stress on our relation to nudity and by the way on the status of woman in modern societies.LOrigine du monde is a reflection on womans misleading status as well as a cure to compensate it. He makes every taboo about woman body shatter since he seems to be thinking this is the way woman will get their social emancipation. Sense of modesty is in fact a way to keep woman prisoner of society. This prevents any changing in the established order that could shove male domination on woman. Looking at what should never be seen compels any audience to come to the conclusion that decency is arbitrary. Sense of modesty has nothing natural and one can easily outstrip such a moral rule.

Shakespeare vs. Tom Stoppard

Vikas Sharma Honors English Final Exam Essay 5-24-10 Stoppard vs. Shakespe be There are many shipway love life is presented thematic bothy in A midsummer shadows stargaze by William Shakespeare and Shakespeare in make do by Tom Stoppard. In a Midsummer Nights Dream, love is off and on going mingled with most of the characters which lay downs that love was difficult and non too strong between the characters, while in the play Shakespeare in Love, the love between Shakespeare and genus Viola seems to be pure and full of passion. The idea for love in A Midsummer Nights Dream starts out with Theseus and Hippolyta.Hippolyta, having been the Queen of the Amazons, has been conquered by Theseus and is therefore under obligation to marry him. Shakespeare presents this kind of love as forced love because Theseus has conquered Hippolyta which means that she is dutiful to Theseus. Throughout the story Hippolyta starts to accept Theseus which shows that the nature of their love is matur e. The four main characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream all have difficulty in their love which shows that it is true but also very young.As Lysander states in the novel The course of true love neer did run refine. He articulates on of A Midsummer Nights Dreams most important themes. The theme of loves difficulty is often explored through with(predicate) the motif of love out of balancethat is, romantic situations in which a disparity or inequality interferes with the harmony of a relationship. One of the reasons that love didnt go smooth with Lysander is because of Egeus, Hermias father. By law he has power over her and what he wants for is daughter is what must happen.And by law, Hermia is expected to be dutiful to her father, by respecting and obeying him. His over-protective parenting style demands Hermia a new man, but Hermias and Lysanders true love and determination brings them together. Despite the obstructions that face the couple, their love succeeds in the end to show true love is strong and with determination it prevails. This kind of love is similar with Shakespeares and Violas love in the movie Shakespeare in Love because throughout the play, there are many obstacles that prevent them from being together.One of the obstacles of their love is that Viola is forced to marry Lord Wessex because she has to obey her father but she does not truly love him. Her love is only with Shakespeare and with poetry. Their love for each other is very mature, and is full of true love, but sometimes does not run smooth just like Lysanders relationship with Hermia. Next there was the love of Helena and Demetrius. The opposite of true love would be Helenas and Demetriuss relationship. Shakespeare uses magic in the story to bring in bizarre events and hilarious situations.One example of why there is awkward and difficult love between all the characters is because of the love potion. The love potion is made from the juice of a flower that was struck with one of Cupi ds misfired arrows it is used by the fairies to wreak romantic havoc throughout Acts II, III, and IV. Because the meddling fairies are careless with the love potion, the situation of the young Athenian lovers becomes increasingly chaotic and confusing. Helenas and Demetriuss relationship is described in a simple sentence by Helena that states, The more I love, the more he hateth me. .This evidently shows Helenas love for Demetrius, and yet her love for him is not returned for he is blinded by his love for Hermia. This unrequited love shows the cruel nature of love. This kind of love is also seen in Shakespeare in Love by Viola and Sir Wessex. Wessex wants to marry Viola because of her power and money, but Viola in return does not agree to give Wessex her love and passion for it belongs to Shakespeare. This can also be seen as cruel love because the lover in return only gets misery and a broken heart. Finally, Oberon and Titanias love can be seen as confusing but full of character.Th eir love starts out to be strong but as time goes by, Oberon becomes jealous. This can be seen as jealous love. This shows there are troubles present in their relationship, since the two do not appear to be on good terms. Oberon and Titania are arguing over the changeling boy, the son of one of Titanias late friend. Oberon would like to possess this child, but Titania refuses to let him go. This shows that the nature of love can at times be irritating and troublesome and that the love between Oberon and Titania is most definitely not running smoothly.Throughout the story you can see Oberons jealousy increase as the story goes on. Jealously is a powerful emotion, and when mixed with love, it has devastating effects. Oberons jealousy grows, as Titanias love for the changeling boy does, and as a result, the relationship between the two worsens as they grow apart from anger. Sir Wessex also starts to become jealous of William Shakespeare because his love with Viola is very passionate an d true. Wessex knows that his commit to marry Viola for her money cannot become reality unless he does something to hurt Shakespeares and Violas relationship.In the end though, true love defines all betting odds and Shakespeare is meant to be with Viola. All in all there are many ways love is presented thematically between the characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare and Shakespeare in Love by Tom Stoppard. Both authors present love thematically in different and similar ways using many methods. They both like to create bizarre scenes and like to complicate their characters loves. They both have similar but also different ideas to force their fans and to complicate the scenes in their stories.

Lyndon B. Johnson Essay

Lyndon B. Johnsons presidential reign began with the assassination of former president John F. Kennedy in 1963. While the people of the United States move to recover from the loss of Kennedy, Johnson used it to his advantage. Many citizens did not notice that this was being done, and some even wonder if Johnson himself knew he was using it to his advantage. By him telling the States that Kennedy would have wanted the Great Society, the people believed him and went through with it. Many things, both good an bad came out of the Great Society. The Great Society was Johnsons demeanor of fixing the problems in America, that being the political, emotional and mostly the social problems.Johnson used the nations grief to pass the civil rights bill. It had the same idea of the bill Kennedy was planning on passing, but the difference was that Johnsons was stronger and to a greater extent powerful. This act was passed in July of 1964, and it outlawed radical diversity in wholly public place s. Places that included hotels, and restaurants, it banned the discrimination of unions, and the employers and even programs that were funded by the federal government. The civil rights act was not the only thing passed in 1964 though, he also passed the Economic Opportunity Act. As seen in document B, the act was made to assistance people in poverty. It started head start, a preschool program funded by the government, and gave workers and farmers money to break through and escape from poverty. It meliorate what was being done in our nation at that time, and became a milestone for our 180-y auricle search for a better life for our people.With these couple of acts being formed it did help our poverty rates change. When you look at document H you can see that in 1959 before Johnsons presidency, the poverty rate was at 55.1 for blacks, 18.1 for whites, and 53.3 for all non-whites. Once the acts were formed the rates went overmatch a little and were recorded in 1966 by about 15 perce nt except for whites, the whites only went down 7 percent. They kept decreasing until 1974 where they were last recorded in the document at 29.5 percent for all non-whites, 31.4 for blacks, and 8.9 for whites.The white race was effected the most by this and they decreased the most out of all of races. Now with the change of thepoverty rates, Johnson also tried to help with medical prices. He started insurance programs such as Medic be for seniors and Medicaid for the poor. Document A shows Abraham Ribcoff testifying before the House of Representatives about the prices of medical care. The discovery of more advanced medical sciences and life spans lasting longer, the elders and poor need more help paying these bills and with Medicare and Medicaid help will be provided.Now the Great Society was a ample deal during Lyndon B. Johnsons presidency. Probably because it had a huge impact on America to this day. Johnson poured millions, even billions of dollars into building a perfect socie ty. While he was putting money into this, he was spending money essay to help with the Vietnam War. Document E is a perfect cartoon of what was happening in the time period. Johnson knew that we could not win the war, but he kept us fighting. Many be intimates were lost, and more and more money was spilt into it. The idea of his Great Society fed right into the war. So much money was lost into the US economic system and it is money that we have not gotten back. People were disappointed with Johnson because he kept us fighting, but he did not under their anger. In document F, an audience of Johnson in 1967, he states, How is it possible that all these people could be so ungrateful to me after I had given them so much? He has a point where he had done a lot, but this was nothing compared to the pain families had felt over their loved ones.Johnson was not the only political figure during this ear that made a strong impact on civil rights. Several supreme court cases were occurring a t this time between the Miranda rights, and when Plessy was overturned by Brown. on with Baker v. Carr and Engel v. Vitale. All of these impacted women and blacks. Betty Freedan was against the perfect life idea for women. Where they need to be the perfect wife for their husbands and how it was every womans dream. Betty had this life and it was not her dream. Blacks wanted full rights, no more segregation between them. With these two together the civil rights movement began. More information on these two groups are found in document C and D.Johnson faced a lot during his presidency, and he made it through all of it. He made a grownup impact on Americans life. Economically he put us into a severe struggle, but he did help with medical care, and knowledge for children. Socially we now have equal rights, and the civil rights movement did work after a while. We all get along in schools and those movements started it all. Politically he was not the best president, but they all have up s and downs. My own opinion, Johnson was an okay president. Life was difficult then, but many of those difficult things made the life we live today a lot better.

Organizational Behavior at Accenture Essay

1. aditThis paper gives an overview of the presidential termal behavior (Organizational social organization, Culture, and runwayership) at Accenture the last organization I worked with. Accenture is an international management consulting, engineering science services and outsourcing organization, with approximately 0.25 million nation and guests in more than 120 countries. It has generated net revenue of US$ 27.9 billion for last fiscal year i.e. 31 st August 2012. (Accenture,2012)2. Organizational Structure2.1 Accentures Structure At A GlanceOrganizations structure divides the organizational activities and co-ordinates them to achieve the aim of the organization. Accenture is unionised into various partially overlapping pains aras that allow the guests to choose from a variety of integrated consulting services. It upholds quadruple global operations mens 1. Consulting 2. Servicing 3. Solutions 4. Enterprise circuit board 2.1 talllights five operating groups and their r espective 19 industry groups within the organization. (Accenture Facts,2012) Financial services Banking Capital Market Insurance wellness & Public Services Health Public Services Communications , Media & Technology Communication Electronics & High Tech Media & Entertainment Product self-propelling Air, Freights & Travel Services Consumer Goods & Services Industrial Equipment Infrastructure & Transportation Resources Chemical Energy Natural Resources UtilitiesTable 2.1The figure below displays the organizational chart of Accenture and explains how different sub-units interact with individually other.Exam Number B031449 page 3 of 11 recruit 2.1 Accentures Organizational structure ( start Official board, 2012)2.2 Analyzing the Structure of AccentureBuchanan and Huczynski (2010) defined vii key elements of organizational structure and in this section, we will see how they relate to Accenture as an organization. It sight be comfortably inferred from the organizational structure (Figu re 2.1) and Work group division (Table 2.1) that Accenture is a large complex organization that requires its employees to be exceedingly specialized in the tasks allocated to them to view that quality work is delivered. In order to actualise sure that all the employees are highly skil guide with respect to their tasks, an intense induction takes place in the beginning of their journey in the organization. Accenture follows a tall organizational hierarchy structure due to its assorted workforce and workgroups where Span of Control for a theatre director depends on the size of the pop out. Within the solutions workforce, in a single puke, following hierarchy existsFigure 2.2 Hierarchies in a project For example, Span of Control for the project in which I worked was a 96 Designation Programmers (10) Senior Programmers (8) Analyst Programmer (6) Team Lead (4) Manager Span of Control One Team lead , supervises 24 resources One Manager supervises 4 team-leads. So total Span of Cont rol = 96The tasks in severally project in the Solutions workforce are departmentalized into different submodules i.e. Analysis, Design & Build, and Testing. Department of Analysis is responsible for creating business artifacts that detail out clients requirement and proposed solution to achieve it. These artifacts are then passed to the Design & Build Team who bring about the high-level design documents and develops the products which client has asked for. Once the product is delivered, it is then passed on to the testing team to image that the final product is as per the business artifacts and there are no issues encountered. Accenture is highly formalized organization, where each project while working on a clients requirement has to adhere to the policies, procedures and norms pay back by Accenture as well as the clients. This is one of the key approaches to gain the clients trust. Since project managers have the authority to take decision related to their respective projects, we can call Accenture as highly centralized organization.3. Organizational CultureCulture is embedded and reflected in every aspect of an organization. As verbalize by Ravasi, D., Schultz, M. (2006), organizational culture is a lay down of shared intellectual assumptions, which guide taking into custody and action in an organization by defining suitable behavior for diverse situations. Figure 3.1 is a three-layer model for organizational culture developed by Edgar Schein (2004).Figure 3.1 Scheins three levels of culture Source (Bohine, Markham, 2003) Insight on Accentures Culture 1. Scheins three levels of Culture a) The first level i.e. manifest level is the well-nigh visible layer. Table 3.1 highlights few of the Surface manifestation of culture at Accenture demonstration Ceremonials Course Norms Slogan Symbol Accenture Fun Fridays, sporting events, monthly birthday celebrations, quarterly awards Greenfield training for the peeled employees where the number of days varies from 1 week to 6 weeks depending on the employees Code of Business conduct led by multiple policies High Performance DeliveredAccenture has six core value (Accenture Core set) Stewardship Fulfilling our obligation of expression a better, stronger and more durable fraternity for future generations, protecting the Accenture brand, meeting our commitments to stakeholders, acting with an owner mentality, ontogenesis our people and helping improve communities and the global purlieu Best People Attracting, developing and retaining the best gift for our business, challenging our people, demonstrating a can-do attitude and fostering a collaborative and mutually supportive milieu Client Value Creation Enabling clients to become high-performance businesses and creating long-term relationships by being antiphonary and relevant and by consistently delivering value.One Global Network Leveraging the power of global insight, relationships, coaction and learning to deliver exceptional servi ce to clients wherever they do business Respect for Individual Valuing miscellanea and unique plowshares, fostering a trusting, open, and inclusive environment and treating each person in a room that reflects Accentures values. Integrity Being ethically unyielding and honest and inspiring trust by maxim what we mean, matching our behaviors to our words and taking responsibility for our actionsRewards and Recognition in Accenture Accenture has various ways of acknowledging an employees contribution towards achieving the High Quality work. In addition to promotion, few of the awards given by Accenture (specific to solutions domain) are ACE honor Accenture Celebrates Excellence is an award given on quarterly basis to the employees who show outstanding performance during a quarter in their respective industrial groups. The nominations for these awards are forwarded by the project manager along with the reference to justify the nominations. Innovator for the quarter This category of award is held at different project levels and is awarded to an individual or group of people who have innovated something to either add value to the client or helped in increase automated work to save on efforts.Star of the month This category of award is also held at project level where the work of an employee performing extraordinary is acknowledged. Propel Awards This category of award is held at industrial group level where the employees are awarded against different criterias e.g. Adding Value to Client, Organizing quality work and anticipating critical situations etcetera Celebrating Performance Celebrating performance is a tool through which Team leads and above acknowledges the work of an individual by giving them some points. These points can be redeemed via a shopping catalog holding a range of different things.c) The third level i.e. basic assumption is invisible layer. It is the perception held by individuals concerning sympathetic behavior. As mentioned earlier, this cannot be seen but felt by the individuals and thus is difficult to be described in words for any organization.2. On analyzing Accenture based on different Cultural framework and Cultural typologies it can be said that Accenture move into Role culture and Communal culture. The justification for this goes below Accenture is very more than driven by its policies, procedures, and rules, which makes it high on formalization aspect. Figure 2.1 clearly shows the level of hierarchy that Accenture has. Managers at snuff it of the hierarchy work as per their roles and specializations that make Accenture a highly centralized organization and hence putting it into a Role culture. However, if we deep dive to the lowest division i.e. the Projects, the task to be achieved is allocated at the Managerial level and is then cascaded down to different team members based on their expertise.The aim of the team is to ensure the task is delivered on time and with a high quality. For example, in my projects, there were times when a task demanding high expertise on specific domain were assigned to the senior programmers instead of the team leads. This clearly displays that the project division is on to the Task culture i.e. high formalization, low centralization where people are acknowledged based on their expertise and not just position. Accenture has very strict door criteria and employees who suit the working environment are selected.Once the employees are in the gild, another level of legal opinion happens to check the skills to identify which project who the employee be best suited for. During an initial phase in the project, the employees are giving an intensive training about the core values of Accenture as well as the client that they are working for. The roles and goals for each individual are made clear right from the beginning and each employee is expected to have a degree of flexibility to switch the roles as and when required. All these characteristics make Accenture falls into the category of Communal culture i.e. High Sociability and high solidarity.4. leadingWalt Disney said, You can dream, create, design, and build the most wonderful place in the world, but it requires people to make the dream a reality (Disney, 2011) Accenture groups skills, competencies, and nature traits of effective leaders into three vital pillars (Accenture Leadership) Visionary Evangelist- They see possibilities and inspire others with their vision they know where the company is headed and what its customers will value in the future. Relationship Builder-They enlist the support and capabilities of others by building loyalty, motivating and engaging. Manager of Execution- They provide structure, discipline and a sense of priorities to get things done. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard (1998) described the concept of situational leading. Situational leadership is an approach of identifying the most effective way of motivating, directing, and supporting employe es to get the work done. Whether it is the leaders at the top of hierarchy (CEO) or the leaders at the lowest division (project managers), leadership style in Accenture varies depending upon the situation.Figure 4.1 Situational Leadership Model (Source Davidmerzel, 2012) How Leadership style works in Accenture When an employee is new to a project or the organization, it is ensured that a counselor and a supervisor are assigned to him. It is supervisors responsibility to ensure that the employee understand the norms and the working culture of the project and Councilor helps the employee with the career aspirations and issues (if any) faced by him while working in the project.In other words, it can be said that supervisor acts as the coach and councilor supports the employee at the identical time. Supervisor and the Councilor are not the aforesaid(prenominal) person and it is the councilor who remains the same throughout the journey in Accenture where as supervisors keep of changing as when an employee progresses. Once an employee displays the ability and the skills required to tasks assigned (i.e. generally at Analyst Programmer level), the work is then delegated where very few directions and support are required. At no point in Accenture, you would chance a leader portraying the directive leadership. Support and mentoring is always provided until an employee is suitable to work on his own.5. SynopsisAccenture is an organization on the move, one that is engaged in a tidy range of projects in various locations. Its culture varies from one extreme to another depending on the client and the geographical location of the office in which one reside. Employees, working at the client site, particularly for extended periods, find themselves following clients culture as well as Accentures. It has a youthful environment that helps in making contacts, which lasts as an employee moves from project to project. In spite of the youthful, work-hard/play-hard atmosphere, e mployees strictly adhere to Accentures high standards, which require dedication and discipline on behalf of the employees.People at Accenture genuinely respect and admire each other. Willingness to help others and strong interpersonal skills are more common that being self-centered. This can be easily seen by the prompt responses of peers in different cities and countries towards any technical query being raised at the companys portal. To summaries, Accenture surely is a strong cultured and centralized organization where the core values of the organization and clients both are kept in mind and at the same time its ensured that employees professional aspirations are also met. I would definitely say a cracking place to work6. References(Arranged alphabetically) 1. Accenture, 2012 About Accenture Available at http//www.accenture.com/gb-en/company/Pages/index.aspx Accessed on twenty-sixth October 2012 2. Accenture Core Values Living Accentures Core Values online Available at http//car eers.accenture.com/gben/working/overview/values/Pages/index.aspx Accessed on 26th October 2012 3. Accenture Facts,2012 Q4 Fiscal 2012 Available at http//newsroom.accenture.com/fact+sheet/ Accessed on 26th October 2012 4. Accenture Leadership Why Leadership and Culture Matters online Available at http//www.accenture.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/PDF/Accenture_Why_Leadership_and _Culture_Matter.pdf Accessed on 27th October 2012 5. Accenture Logo Accenture UK Limited online Available at http//www.enterprisemanagement360.com/company/accenture-uk-l imited/.UIqNsm_Mjsw Accessed on 26th October 2012 6. Bohine, Markham, 2003

Food and nutrition Essay

regimen is whatsoever substance normally eaten or drunk by living things. The term food as well includes liquid drinks. Food is the main source of energy and of nutrition for carnals, and is usually of animal or whole kit origin. on that point ar 4 (four) basic food energy sources fats, proteins, carbohydrates and alcohol. Historical development Humans ar omnivorous animals that can consume both plant and animal products. We changed from gatherers to hunter gatherers.After the experience of the frost Age t is probable that humans wanted to create some feeling of security by controlling what plants were growing and which animals were available. This led to agriculture, which has continually improved and altered the way in which food is obtained. In order to understand how we can enjoy greater health and wellbeing, we need to understand something about food. There are four essential groups of food. For health and wellbeing we require food from all the groups. The purpose of th is scalawag is to stress that ALL four groups of food are essential to health and wellbeing.Even hough we may be encouraged to eat less(prenominal) fat, this page stresses that the body requires at least some food from all(prenominal) of the groups every daylight. Many foods contain more(prenominal) than one group of food, and milk contains all groups of food. Food is a lot classified as 1. Carbohydrate, including Fibre 2. Protein 3. Fat 4. Vitamins and Minerals Carbohydrates are substances that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are used in the body to make believe energy. They include sugars and starches. Carbohydrates are usually obtained from plant sources.They are broken down in the body to form glucose, and any that is non immediately infallible in gillyflowerd in the liver nd muscles as glycogen. Plants use carbohydrates to create structures and store any excess as starch, whereas, animals use protein. to build structures and store any excess as fat. Plants make carbohydrates from sunlight, water, chlorophyll, and carbon dioxide. We obtain them from plants, for example cereals starchy roots legumes (pulses) vegetables and Fruits sugars, keep and syrups Carbohydrates are mainly used by the body to take energy.Where there is a lack of energy, we capability think of carbohydrates. The energy in the body is used for External activities (behavior), such as work, sport, leisure that is any movement of he body. Internal activities including breathing, pumping blood, digestion and the activities of the immune system. None-digestible carbohydrate (Fibre) Fibre, or roughage, refers to the non-digestible carbohydrates in vegetables and to a lesser result in fruit. Fibre may actually be fibrous, as in celery, or may be a powder, or, when mixed with water in the intestines, a Jelly.Fibre provides Bulk Lubrication, and Nutrition for couthie bacterium in the colon. When fibre is combined with water, it swells up and provides bulk to the digest ive system. This makes it easier for food to pass finished the intestines. Food also passes through the digestive system faster, so that waste products are retained for less time in the body. Some fibre has the effect of lubricating the contents of the intestines and, therefore, makes the food pass through easily and in a timely manner. The benefits here are the same as for bulk.In addition, friendly bacteria in the colon feed on fibre and they are therefore nourished by it. By helping these friendly bacteria, we enable them to help us to digest food. Also, by giving them support, they are more able to exclude other, less friendly bacteria, from our colons. Fibre is, therefore, ecessary for a healthy and efficient digestive system. Proteins Proteins are composed, like carbohydrates, of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, but with nitrogen. They may also contain sulphur and phosphorus.They are complex molecules composed of aminic acids. Proteins are used by the body to Enable growth, de velopment and repair. Build structures such as muscles, tissues and organs, including the heart, lungs, digestive organs. Enzymes, such as those required for digestion. Hormones, such as those for the endocrine glands. Proteins, therefore, are needed not tho for obvious body structures, such as muscles, ut also for the immune and digestive systems, etc. sodding(a) proteins are obtained from meat, fish and dairy products including eggs.Proteins can also be obtained from certain combinations of foods, for example, cereals and beans. Fats and oils Fats are substances that are not soluble in water. They are composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Fats are also called lipids. Sources of fat include animal meat, fish, and vegetable oils. Fats are used by the body In every cell structure. Especially to build nerves and brain. The brain is 40% fat. To insulate the body. To produce sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormone To produce cholesterol (essential for cell membranes and bile salts, fo r example).To absorb certain vitamins (A, D, E, and K). To store energy. Fats have got themselves a bad pertain in recent times, yet they are an essential food. That is, the body requires its intake of fat every day for health and, especially, well being. Like the other groups of food, when the body does not get the fat it needs, then illness results. Vitamins and Minerals Vitamins are substances that are required in the diet for health and wellbeing. They are often grouped as fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E and K.Water-soluble vitamins include vitamins C and B. Minerals are non- organic substances that are required in the diet. While only small amounts of minerals are required in our diet, they are critical in building bones and teeth, regulating heartbeat and transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Vitamins and minerals occur in a variety of foods. That is, by eating a variety of foods, you can get the necessary vitamins and min erals you need for health. Deficiencies and excesses in any of these groups of foods produce illness and owered wellbeing.Western diets are especially deficient in the minerals atomic number 20 and iron and in the zed 3 fatty acids. Calcium is obtained from, for example, milk and from eating canned salmon including the bones (salmon also contains omega 3 fatty acids). Iron is often obtained from meat, especially liver. Lacto-vegeterians can get their calcium from milk, and vegans (who do not eat any animal products) can get their calcium from fortified soy milk. To obtain your calcium requirements from non- animal sources, you would have to eat a very large amount of vegetables or fruits.

Coso Risk Management Plan

COSO gamble Management Plan LAW/531 BUSINESS LAW March 18, 2013 Nicole Harrison COSO Learning Activity Beasley, Hancock and Branson (2009) catch mentioned that Many senior executives and their organizations board of directors are working to strengthen assay forethought so that they are better informed about emerging risk exposures, bulge outicularly those impacting strategy (p. 01). This pedagogy clarifies that companies are looking for better ways to manage risk and they are using techniques to help achieving this goal.The direction of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) is an organization leading the way on providing frameworks and guidance on enterprise risk focus, inherent control and fraud deterrence intentional to improve organizational performance and governance and to reduce the period of fraud (COSO, 2013). It is a joint initiative of five private sector organizations including the Ameri ass Accounting Association, the American Institute of CPAs, the Financial Executives International, the Association of Accountants and Financial Professionals in Business and the Institute of Internal Auditors.This paper has the intent of identify recommendations about how it would be useful for an organization to adopt COSO as the structure for its own merged compliance plan. According to Steinberg (2011) In recent years, to complement the use of key performance indicators, which focus in the main on past performance, more organizations have adopted forward-looking key risk indicators to further fire risk management effectiveness (p. 01). Corporations monitor their performance based on indicators (KPIs) that append a disregard from a time in the past to date.This performance trend can be compared to others, such as competitors and general sedulousness performance to assume how the business is moving ahead. But that is not enough. pretend-management specialists and organizations like COSO betoken that corporations start lookin g at Key Risk Indicators (KRIs). Those indicators are looking to the future of the business and its industry and enable management to deal with risk events more quickly (Steinberg, 2011). The KRIs can be part of the strategic plan of a corporation and help to create a more precise raise analysis by using real ratios instead of mere market assumptions.Beasley, Hancock and Branson (2009) say that Risk management and strategy-setting activities are often viewed as separate and distinct, with risk management sometimes stigmatized as being a non-value adding, compliance, or regulatory function with no visible or clearly articulated participation to the organizations strategy (p 13). Corporations should review this outdated concept and start using the power of risk management as an essential element of their strategy.COSO presents their own definition of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and summarizes alpha elements to a successful implementation. The organization defines ERM on Beasl ey, Hancock and Bransons article (2009) as A process, realized by the entitys board of directors, management, and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within the risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives (p. 4). COSO is great source of knowledge and experience for all sizes of companies. A pecuniary crisis, a simple change in the market, the complexity of business transactions, advances in technology, globalization, and the speed of product cycles can be fatal for any business and, in order to avoid that, managers, executives, and boards should strength risk management in their organizations. ReferencesCOSO Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commision (2013). About Us. Retrieved from http//www. coso. org/ Beasley, Mark S. , Hancock, Bonnie V. , and Branson, Bruce C. (2009). Strengthening Enterpris e Risk Management for strategic Advantage. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commision (COSO). Steinberg, Richard M. (2011). Using the New COSO Risk-Management Guidance. ERM & Internal Controls. Haymarket Media, Inc.

Canadian Film Industry

In the Canadian direct manufacture in that location atomic number 18 numerous study recreateers, some of which atomic number 18 supported by the Canadian and Provincial governings and others are independent companies. In this paper, we go out take a look at the structures in which these firms function as well as their roles deep down it. The government of Canada has a strong support and purpose for the scene diligence and we will take a closer look at some of the motivators for these actions and how they estimatek to do so. The objectives of the government, politicians and bureaucrats involved and how this came to be a strategical constancy will also be examined.The performance of from each maven of these players will present burdens and get aheads to the policy fellowship and the industrial policy for the Canadian call for industry itself. For the purposes of this paper we will define the Canadian take in industry as, the filmmaking industry in Canada. Canada is home to several film studios centres, primarily located in its common chord largest cities Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal. Most of these industries and communities tend to be regional and niche in nature, therefore a typical film in Canada is made through a complex array of government funding and incentives and from distri moreoverors.We may entangle television as apart of film products definition but broadcast will not be included because of the variety different types of distribution, coverage and funding it adds to the gratuityic at hand. The Government of Canada has set up film advisory boards, started major corporations and spent billions of dollars in support of this industry, in this paper we seek to serve up the question, why? (Government of Canada, 2010) There are a few different hypothesis, but as we will see it is a more complex of a situation than meets the eye.The political and economic motivators for attracting film and television drudgery activities are to ca pture economic multiplier effects, which are believed to exceed the cost of foregone tax income by a factor of two or three. (Davis, 2009) Other positive views include the large employment that the industry provides for Canadians, for foreign outsourced exertions 31,650 jobs were created in one year, with an ordinary employment income of $36,000. (Canadian Government, 2010)Another main factor is the endemic productions are on the rise Canadian content accounted for 13. % of fundamental revenues, up from 4. 9% in 2005. (Government of Canada, 2008) This shows that the main objectives, as utter by the Canadian Government themselves, are to foster the quality and diversity of Canadian film by restructuring support programs to reward ongoing performance and by encouraging an increase in average production budgets. (Government of Canada, 2010) These are only some of the reasons why this has frame a strategic industry. Close substitutes including, fresh events, concerts all affect t he consumers consumption of movies.The recession is said to have had a positive affect on the consumers desire to go out to the movies, this could be bowd on the relatively low financial perpetration of a movie versus the price of a ticket to a concert or sporting event. Of saki is the issue of the 2010 Olympics, were staged in Vancouver, one of the Canadian hot spots for film making specially co-productions with Hollywood. Revenues dipped more than 22 percent based on the fact that not many producers cute to shoot during the Winter games.Oddly though, receivable to the recession production numbers were able to increase. Post Media News, 2011) more or less of the main keys to success of the industry are, in fact, the support from the government, the ability of the industry to produce a tolerable profit margin and to create jobs for Canadians. Also, innate film making is on the rise mainly due to the support and the active goal making that the government had put into motion. Distribution and marketing of these films need growth, there are some festivals and award shows that are strategic variability to the marketing of films such as, Toronto film festival, djinny awards Victoria film festival.Even though there are two firms that recently switched their focus just to distribution, Alliance Atlantis and Lions Gate Entertainment no greater produces films at all. Distribution continues to be a hassle for Canadian filmmakers, though this established network of film festivals provides important marketing and audience exposure for Canadian films. In addition, international co-productions are increasingly important for Canadian producers and smaller films are often funded by arts councils (at all levels of government) and film collectives.Another recent but very real burden for the Canadian film industry is the ack of attention and funds paid to it in the 2010 budget. Some have argued that the government has not made necessary budget allocation for the ind ustry to continue its growth, especially for indigenous projects. (Government of Canada , 2010) Structure The top four firms in the Canadian film industry will be the main focus, as they play the largest role in Canada, although there are many arts councils and film collectives especially at the tyke level. The four firms are the National Film Board of Canada, Telefilm Canada, the Canadian Television Fund, and the Canada Council for the Arts.These companies accounted for about 73% of total national revenues, up from 71% in 2005. (Government of Canada, 2008) The National Film Board of Canada and the Canada Council for the Arts are both(prenominal) agents of the federal pass. Notable is the recent closure of the Canadian Television Fund in March 2010. In addition, Telefilm is an agent of the federal crown and is the main distributor of Canada Media Fund, which has now taken over some of the projects and duties of the CTF. These crown corporations report to Parliament through the Mi nister of Canadian Heritage. (Government of Canada, 2010).Some other forms of support are incentives that these companies go around or create Canadian Audio-Visual Certification Office (CAVCO), Canadian Film or picture show achievement Tax Credit (CPTC), Film or Video Production Services Tax Credit (PSTC), Film or Video Production Services Tax Credit (PSTC), Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit (CPTC), Canada Arts foundation Fund (formerly Arts Presentation Canada), Canada Arts Presentation Fund (formerly Arts Presentation Canada), Canada Cultural Investment Fund (formerly Canadian Arts and Heritage Sustainability Program) and audiovisual Coproduction.This is only a small representation of programs and incentives that are offered by the federal government, most often each province has its own incentives, scholarships and funds for regional talent. These opportunities are there to encourage Canadian filmmakers so that Canadian content is available and accessible to Canad ians by reflecting Canadas rich linguistic, ethno-cultural diversity. Filmmakers, employees, and pretty much any one on the Canadian film labour force would be considered interest groups. They have been fighting for eld for the benefits and labour relations that some other industries have had for 50 years.The film industry has had a long history with issues within the industrial labour relations. There have been many fair policies created in egis of the productions crews, now the industry is seeking policies and opportunities affecting the accumulation of capabilities and the level of the production firm. As previously stated the distribution of indigenous films is limited in Canada and this poses one of its biggest challenges. The customers (moviegoers) need to be informed about the electrical outlet dates and when and where they flowerpot see such films.Reviews need to readily be available, with the strong financial backing the that Hollywood has to market and distribute films , Canadian films must have a stronger presence in the industry in the form of television, internet and print advertisements. Indigenous production capabilities benefit directly for providing services to Hollywood, while indigenous clientele and creative capabilities are much less likely to benefit. (Davis, 2009) By broadening the Canadian intimacy base, by helping in the production of blockbusters, it not only inspires us to make blockbusters but we underside learn from the mistakes of our southern neighbours.Not only that, but the American celebrities increase the fascination with the film coating and get movie goers excited about going to see films. Business and creative capabilities pay be limited by this co-production family, in that the policies and tax incentives in place encourage the American film industry to take advantage of these opportunities but have sometimes nearing quadruple the budget as a Canadian film. This quintessential competitiveness is said to be undermi ned by the tax incentives and interferes with international trade agreements.If this is so, this also undermines the co-production relationship Canadians have with the American industry. It seems to be a give and take relationship, where they provide us with jobs and make outhow, where we offer up business capabilities. As for the creative capabilities of Canadians in film, this is something that cannot be undermined. It is possible to get sucked into the hype of Hollywood and become all too focused on making that next blockbuster, but many of Canadian filmmakers know that their product represent a Canadian perspective and are proud of that.So this dichotomy of benefit versus burden, does have a large opportunity to become balanced, if we can accept the balance of exchange of know-how and business value. Behaviour The markets strategies of government, firms, cooperative and independent, interest groups determines the significance of the non market actions to the firms involved in t he Canadian film industry. The non-market strategies of government, firms, cooperative and independent, interest groups shapes the business opportunities and co-productions possibilities in the marketplace. (Baron, 2010)First we will begin with the market strategies that are applied by the different parties involved in the film industry. The labour force (crews) in the production industry had a hard time getting respect on a policy level. The collective bargaining was just about non-existent. Now that policies have been set in place to protect workers on set and in production there is more of a focus on policies on the level of the firms themselves. What rights do the firms posses? How can they envision any milestones that may occur? How do we help them become more competitive with the American markets? The answers are funding for distribution.The two companies who are currently focusing on distribution, are underfunded and it seems they lack the knowledge base to promote a film f rom start to finish. With all the media avenues today, marketing a film needs to emergency on television, internet and print promotions, but without reliable financial commitment from the Canadian government we can hardly support our Canadian productions. For non-market strategies, we can see clear evidence that the top four firms do in fact work together, largely based on the fact that they are all government funded and owned, subsidiaries of the crown.Some arguments are made that service production is said to risk inhibiting development by deflecting of eclipsing indigenous production or by absorbing resources that might otherwise devoted to it. (Davis, 2009) Many of the firms have the aforesaid(prenominal) goal because they share similar beginnings. Independent production firms lack a team ethic with the larger crown firms. An underlying policy assumption of promoting and independent production is that an increasingly capable domestic production should get some degree of econo mic viability through the conquest of international markets. ObservationsThe reason there is a lack of perspective in the industry is because all the firms have a different focus but with many of the same goals and funding. We can see that in the past 50 years the industry has worst many market issues, but does need to ban together and demand some support for distribution. If no one will see the films that reflect our culture and perspective, what is the point? This is the main problem with the film industry today, as well as the disconnect with independently run firms. Filmmakers need a voice and should be more involved in non-market strategies.