Zipcar Company Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zipcar Company Analysis - Case Study ExampleThe pillow slip study Zipcar Company Case Analysis talks about the lessons a marketer can stop from the largest car share company in the world in terms of marketing strategies. Zipcar Company open up itself as a major company in the market through diversifying its operate from just religious offering car hire services but ventured in other services direly needed by the customers.They film a densely populated geographic segment to offer its services and they went on to be successful. From their operation, thither are two important marketing concepts identified in the case, segmentation and CSR. These are used by the company for winning the best market for its services. The future of the firm looks way ahead of the competitors where there is a plan to expand to other populated market segments and win the developments in the market. This case, therefore, brings two lessons in a course or work like marketing, customer loyalty and market s egmentation brings about upper-level success to the company.Its main work is to rent out cars on daily basis and has gr give birth and positioned itself to establish well-endowed in the market that commands a high level of car rental companies. The company is in addition a car rental company that has its own services modified to fit other specialities in which case the whole issue is not just about cars but more than that. Its main services are to people living in densely populated regions where it is very cumbersome, costly and ineffective (actually irresponsible) to own a car.

West and the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

West and the world - Essay ExampleThe occupation of the Americas was fundamental for the development of the various(a) European countries. As such, they employed specific strategies in their attempts to carve out huge empires in the regions. Among the strategies they employ was the divide and rule, a technique the European employed thereby setting the indigenous flock against individually other thereby making them weak thus easy to rule. Furthermore, the European enjoyed economic and military great power thereby quelling any form of opposition from the indigenous people. Using the above techniques, the Europeans readily employed the most arable lands in the various countries thereby enhancing their economic growth. The Europeans encountered numerous people including the indigenous people in the areas they occupied. The red Indians in North and Central America and the Latinos were among the groups of indigenous people the Europeans encountered in the postulate to colonize the Americas. The indigenous people were few and lived in scattered structured. This made them vulnerable and exposed thereby making it easy for the Europeans to occupy. The outcomes of the encounters were bloody as the European often used force in their attempt to occupy the areas. Making of the three empires above remain vital in the development of the world. The structures of the early empires enamor the political structures of the specific regions. Among the factors that necessitated the development of the empires was the need for the societies to have centralized leadership. This way, the people could coexist peacefully beneath the leadership of a single leader. The empires resulted in the fortification of the regions as each empire developed arrive at demarcation thereby forming diplomatic relationships with other regions. This enhanced the development of trade thus enhancing the economic development of the regions. Additionally, the regions formed appropriate

Obamacare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obamacare - Essay Example at that place are various advantages of the Obama health care plan. First, the act reduces the boilers suit health care cost by making services available to the citizenry who had no admission charge to insurance (Chrumbelievable, 2012). Such people initially often used hospital emergency room as the primary care with increased medical cost. This will be a relief to such people. In addition, it is a relief to those who cannot afford health insurance. This is because the federal government will pay the state to bear them in the Medicaid (Chrumbelievable, 2012). Secondly, those who fail to qualify for expanded Medicaid due to low income the state will be compelled to set out up insurance exchanges to alleviate the burden of demandting private health insurance crownage (Chrumbelievable, 2012). Thirdly, those with preexistent conditions like children will not be denied insurance cover. Additionally, insurance company will not repose anyone from the cover once they become sick. Moreover, parents can now put their children on their health insurance cover up to 26 years old (Chrumbelievable, 2012). This will be advantageous to the insurance companies because they will get more premiums at a lower cost on covering healthier individuals. Equally, small line of credit are spared by this care while large business are only required to advance health insurance, but receive tax credits to help employees pay premiums (Chrumbelievable, 2012). On the other hand, the Obamacare in like manner has disadvantages. First, the increased coverage is plausibly to raise the health care costs. This is because a large group of people will receive preventive care and testing without establishing whether they had critical illness (ProQuest, n.d.). Secondly, the drug cost is likely to increase in the future as the pharmaceuticals companies are forced to pay over $80 billion in fee of closing the donut hole (Pipes, 2010). Some business may be disapprove to hire new employees. For example, the medical-device manufacturer and importers are required to pay a 2.35 excise tax (Pipes, 2010). There is also likelihood of tax being raised in the majority of the population. The Obamacare is in consistency with the thoroughgoing framework of federalism. This is because the enactment of the Obamacare preserved state sovereignty (Democrat, 2012). Although it had numerous stringent federal mandates, the state had maintained substantial

Accounting and taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting and taxation - adjudicate ExampleThe employment status of an employee has been categorized as employed or self-employed.This categorization is based upon the equipment casualty and conditions of the relevant association.It is important to mention that such classification is important as separate rules have been promulgate which are applicable to specific conditions of employment in special circumstances. It is important for an employee to realise that he/she should be aware of her job description along with lists of the designated authorities to whom he/she is responsible. It is signifi commodet to evaluate the capacity of your designation, which shall be verified against the standard classification of employed or self-employed, it is important to know whether you are liveing for that soulfulness in an employed capacity or in a self-employed capacity as an self-sufficing haveor. This classification is signifi bottom of the inningt in terms of imposition of tax brack et, the employment status is pivotal to determine the charge to tax on income from that employment or self-employment, and determines the class of NICs, which are to be nonrecreational (Helen, 2000).The differentiation betwixt the self-employed and employed is possible after evaluation of subdue of service or under a contract for services. It is important with reference to tax and NIC that there is no statutory definition of a contract of service or of a contract for services, it is indeed the relationship towards the institution which is significant in assessment. The application of common law principles is critical for the determination of the record of a contact. The courts have developed specific factors and assessment, the affirmative response towards series of factors helps in the classification of employed personnel. The questions includes, do they have to do the work themselves can someone tell them at any time what to do, where to oblige out the work or when and how t o do it can they work a set amount of hours can someone move them from task to task are they paid by the hour, week, or month can they get overtime pay or bonus payment. The affirmative response towards following call forth the strong possibility of self-employed personnel, can they hire someone to do the work or assume helpers at their own expense do they risk their own money do they provide the principal(prenominal) items of equipment they need to do their job, not just the small tools that many employees provide for themselves do they agree to do a job for a fixed price regardless of how long the job may hear can they decide what work to do, how and when to do the work and where to provide the services do they regularly work for a number of different people do they have to correct unsatisfactory work in their own time and at their own expense (Helen, 2000). As per legal regulations, contract has been regarded as viva voce and/or implied agreement between minimum two parties. The common elements of valid contract service and contract for services include, the intention to enter into legal relations an offer (usually of work) and its acceptance (an agreement) consideration (for example, in reverse for performing work the worker receives payment). The establishment of contact is essential, it is also important to settle the terms and conditions of the contract against case law laid down by the courts over the years (Greg, 2006). IssuesThe legal requirement envisaged by the courts include basic approach to identify the factors present weigh those that point to self-employment against those that point the other appearance and then stand back and consider the picture that emerges (Helen, 2000). The contract shall include the discussed features, which shall essentially reflect the nature of employment and will assist in differentiation of employment status. The understanding and interpretation of relationship between the parties is not of significant intere st, it is the reality of the relationship that matters, the intention of the parties has to be taken into account and can be decisive where the relationship is ambiguous

Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation - try Example airinessary authority refers to the power to act in accordance with one judgment or discretion. Before a judge or any other person in power in the vile justness, he or she ought to go for values and principles to facts. Exercise of discretion occurs in different ways, depending on each criminal justice system. Discretionary authority is practiced and exercised in various fields of criminal justice. For instance, discretion occurs when reporting shames. Some criminal justice systems do not respond to little crimes, identical the theft of an item that is of little or no value. The victim of much(prenominal)(prenominal) a minor crime has the discretion to report or not report such a crime to the authority. If there was no witness, when such a crime was committed, then, it would be futile reporting such a crime hence, nigh of such crimes go unreported. Police use discretion, in response to reported crimes or cases. Police office rs brace roughly discretion, even though they are prayd to act according to the law and professional ethics. For instance, in youth justice such police officers have the authority to hold a youth justice conference, proceed by administering a caution, or proceed by charge in the Childrens Court. Discretion is again practiced in investigation, arrest and charge police officers may either investigate or fail to investigate an formally reported crime. For example, some criminal justice systems do not require investigation of fraud allegations, unless such frauds are immensely high.... Police officers have some discretion, even though they are required to act according to the law and professional ethics. For instance, in youth justice such police officers have the authority to hold a youth justice conference, proceed by administering a caution, or proceed by charge in the Childrens Court. Discretion is again practiced in investigation, arrest and charge police officers may either inv estigate or fail to investigate an officially reported crime. For example, some criminal justice systems do not require investigation of fraud (below $10, 000) allegations, unless such frauds are immensely high (Raines, 2011). However, not all people, in such criminal justice systems, hold to the lack of investigation of such fraud, even though police officers have the discretion to act in such a manner. This is a clear indication of controversial exercise of discretion by some criminal justice systems. When an investigation is carried out, police officers have the power to decide where such an investigation should be carried out, and the people to be contacted. Police officers have the obligation to make the right decision in come a suspect. They may decide to arrest or issue a Court Attendance expose to such a suspect. Such decision affects both the offender and the connection at large the community may be exposed to further offending, and the offenders liberty may be entrap at a risk. Discretionary considerations are exercised when police officers seek advice from prosecutor to establish criminal charges. The community exercise its discretion since some people, in the community, act as witness during a court proceeding. The offender exercise judgment at some stages, during the case proceeding for instance, he or she may apply for bail.

POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

POLITICS - Essay Example(2003) political ideas and ideologies can act as a contour of sociable cement, which in turn could provide social groups with a set of unifying beliefs and values. In this regard one could consider that governments are set up to help provide a relatively unified set of codes by witch to govern a society.In the American context one could present the argument that the First Continental Congress which was a meeting of twelve of the thirteen original colonies which banded together to present grievances to the British Monarchy was the original congress. hitherto it was the second continental congress which met again in 1776 which declared the colonies free, effectively beginning the American transformation and in turn was the entirety of the United States government. According to English (2003) it is the case that the original congress held such responsibilities as directing the war, commerce, the enforcement of laws, however they were not free to collect taxes and held the key distinction of allowing the independent colonies (States) the powerfulness to remain sovereign and as such they would effectively be free to ignore any rule passed by congress. As one would naturally assume, this system was rife with flaws. In this regard a kind of compromise was made in which a house of representatives was established in which officials would be elected in a flash by the people based on the population of the states and the senate would provide a type of equal theatrical performance by the state regardless of population. Now it is the case according to Davidson et al. (2006) that the United States congress has a depend of direct powers identified in the United States Constitution however there are a subdue of implied powers which owe their nature to the Necessary and Proper clause. In general the congress handles affairs pertaining to the setting and battle array of taxes, defense, the paying of debts, regulation of commerce, the establishme nt of courts (lower than the Supreme Court).It

Abortion Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Abortion Term Paper - taste ExampleThe dominant reasons cited for procurement of abortions are broad and detail concern for or responsibility to early(a) individuals some women who procure an abortion assert that they cannot afford a child former(a)s cite interference with school, work, or their capability to avail care for dependents while others dread of being a single parent or have problems with their husband or partner (Callahan 116). The discussion makes several clarifications, distinctions, and oppositions that propel the ethical considerations for or against abortion. The plaza question that manifests in this discussion encompasses two questions, namely whether abortion is morally wrong. These are unique issues as not everything that is immoral can be regarded as essentially illegal. This essay develops a general logical argument dwelling on the claim that the vast majority of procured abortions are gravely immoral. Abortion infers the premature remotion of a fetus from the Uterus earlier to 28 weeks gestation, the random established period of viability or prior to pregnancy reaching its entire term. There are two forms of abortion, namely miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) that happens mainly naturally, statistics indicates that shut down to 50% of pregnancies end in this manner (Callahan 117). Second, procured abortion encompasses intentional termination of the pregnancy mainly incorporating an movement to expel the fetus from the womb. Viability is entirely a relative term complete with value judgments, rather than a distinct descriptive entity. Although, abortion has over the years grown to become one of the most look at issues within bioethics, no moral consensus has been attained. The lingering debate on when abortions should be carried out, by what means, and the kinds on infants that should be saved demonstrate the complexity of the issue of abortion. The greatest difficulty presented, but abortion literature lies in spotlighting reli able philosophical and scientific arguments amid the dominating rhetorical manipulation (Bok 33). Academically, the issue of abortion centers on the equaliser between liberties both the mother, plus the baby. Theologically, the issue of abortion flows from two precise questions 1) at what point is feel considered beginning? (Whether at conception or birth) 2) if so, is it a sin to abort a fetus? The chronicle suggested by the faiths detail that life commences at conception, and hence the baby is considered to be living from the conception (Monagle and Thomasma 17). Hence, it is a mortal sin (murder) to abort a fetus. The central argument that is mainly against abortion details that the fetus is in essence an innocent person and it is morally wrong to terminate the life of a innocuous individual. Subsequently, it is morally wrong to terminate the life of a fetus. Some anti-abortionist will admit certain abortions such(prenominal) as abortion prior to implantation, or abortions p rocured the moment the life of the mother is threatened by a pregnancy, or abortion subsequent to a rape (Callahan 117). These cases of abortion may be considered to be morally permissible. B. The Moral Controversy Surrounding the Problem Public opinion on abortion can be categorized into three camps, namely conservative, liberal, and moderate (or gradualist) all of which draws on both science and ethical thinking. Conservatives groups such as the Catholic Church perceive the fetus as a human being with full moral rights from conception onward. Conception in this case can be regarded as a critical point since this is the stage in which the embryo develops its distinct genetic code (Singer 189). Liberal approach, on the other hand, concedes that the fetus is

Writing Sample to be submitted with graduate faculty employment Essay

Writing Sample to be submitted with graduate faculty employment application - raise ExampleThere are several instances where brain scans are brought as court-room evidences to present that the suspect is someways mentally challenged and thus can non, for some reason, be charged with death sentence, and so be given life imprisonment instead. Because of this modernity, criminal justice is challenged, and the issue remains unresolved. Immature Brain Neuro rectitude is creating a scene in providing judgments, leading experts from different fields in constant debate whether when to consider a brain as normal or abnormal, or when to consider the evidence as a legal mitigating circumstance or as an alibi. One contention raised by neuroscientists is that adolescents are not as capable of dictatorial their impulses as adults because the development of neurons in the prefrontal cortex isnt complete until the early 20s (Rosen 3). The American psychiatric Association backed-up this anatomical ly-based claim that there are differences between lates and adults, emphasizing that immature regions of the brain are those colligate with regulation of emotions, impulse control, risk assessment, and moral reasoning (Fagan 14). These are shown with the aid of modern technology which rationalizes the pervert behavior of juvenile offenders, and the brain is said to function maturely as the individual transitions into adulthood. This argument was requisite in the Supreme Courts decision for offenders below 18 years old not to be sentenced with death penalty. In addition, this neuroscientific evidence has been recently used several times in juvenile cases to influence the decisions of the judge and the jury. However, the complications neurolaw give our courts do not just end there. Law and Technology It is implied that a bigger concern in integrating neuroscience into the criminal justice system concerns cases where juvenile delinquency is not necessarily involved. There seems to be no clear delineation as to when brain scans may be considered adequate evidences, and how members of the prosecution committee would weigh the gravity of these proofs. However, the influence of neuroscience in the courts does not seem to cease. The law generally regards individuals responsible for their actions, but accommodations are sometimes granted to explain misconduct, and in this course neuroscience enters, literary argument that differences in brain activity may influence behavior (Society of Neuroscience 38). High technology has made it attainable for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans to link who we are and how we behave, as asserted by neuroscientists. Kent Kiehl is a prominent neuroscientist who has added psychopathy to the list of conditions that can be observed in fMRI scans, other than those telltale signs established for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Haederle). Highly interested in why psychopaths behave the way they do, Kiehl is involved in a research that scanned the brains of prison inmates and conducted interviews. Kiehl is delving on a possibility that there are developmental differences associated with psychopathic traits, where the more severe the traits, the more severe the worsening in the paralimbic system (qtd. in Haederle). Along with his other assertions based on neuroscience, he believes that it is not a good idea to punish convicted offenders who possess malfunctioning brains. Neuroscience and Criminal Responsibility Another aspect, however, concerns the relevance of neuroscience

Internet Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Survey - Essay ExampleTherefore, students of this particular educational foundation garment are meant to be participants of the survey. The latter is evidently meant to provide a fuller view of the situation with heater and smokers within the campus and probably serve as a helping tool in reformation of roll of tobacco regulation policy there. The survey consists of 14 questions of different types, including multiple-choice questions, yes-no questions and free-answer questions. While some questions are not compulsory for answering, others require the answer (which are marked by asterisk).The question implies multiple choice the recipient is expected to choose an option. However, it is somewhat double-barreled, for it is not quite clear whether the participant is to choose one or more variants (regular smoker, occasional smoker, social smoker). Moreover, the flaw of the question lies in the fact that it doesnt consider the fortuity that the participant has already quit s moking.Being a logical continuation of the previous question, this one is aimed at obtaining further information from the participants, who have chosen the option regular smoker. The variety of answers eliminates any double-barreled implications or confusion while answering this question, for the options are quite clear.Here, we see the survey being contract down to the issue directly related to the policy of the campus. The question is unbiased, with no double negations or ambiguity, though very specific areas is a rather confusing phrase.The question implies multiple choice out of 4 options. However, there is certain bias that might raise ethical concerns, for answering this compulsory question presupposes large-minded information about other people rather than about the respondent him/herself. Moreover, the word substances might be confusing, for it isnt clear what is meant by it.In this step of the survey completion, the respondent is offered a free-answer question,

Answer 7 questions - each for at least half-page - 4 pages total, no Essay

Answer 7 questions - each for at least half-page - 4 pages total, no citations - Essay sampleIslam is also depicted as fostering outright anti-Semitic behavior by exhibiting articulated anti-Christian and anti-Jewish bias. As such, Islam is depicted as fostering segregation of other world religions. The other stereotypes about Islam is that it promotes gender discrepancy and misogyny by rubber stamping female oppression in terms of spiritual status, social roles, and rights in Islamic marriage (Mazur 244). The other stereotype relates to the perception that Muslims believe in an angry God who sanctions self-destruction bombings and terrorism. Islam is also depicted as entrenching primitivism and societal limitations on its believers.Prophet Muhammad is regarded as the founder of Islam when he was ordered by God to divulge the holy Quran gunpointing directions and instructions that all Muslims should follow. Muhammad declined to be polytheist and opted to worship One God, the God o f Abraham. When he was 40, Muhammad received the first of the numerous revelations when he was mediating in the countermine of Hira. In the Night of Power and Excellence, Muhammad received a revelation from God through angel Gabriel in which he was commanded to Recite. In his response, Muhammad contended that he had nothing to recite, but the angel continued twice more exit him bewildered and afraid. Later on, Muhammad acknowledged God as the most Generous One. In the revelations, Muhammad was commanded to express the divine message as the last messenger of God. Muhammad confirmed the authentic teachings of prior prophets and rectifying innovations or mistakes of prior monotheistic faith traditions.The Vedas are regarded as constituting the earliest literary record of Indo-Aryan civilization and the most sacred. The Vedas detail the original scriptures of Hindu teachings and detail spiritual knowledge on all spheres of life. Vedas represents a large bole of texts, which emanate from ancient India and that were created in Vedic

Research Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Research Design - Es recite precedentThis look for aims to evaluate and present respondents were asked as to estimate the WTP figures. The points, which involved the willingness to correct (WTP), considered both the environmental and stinting factors like the acceptability of WTP and the refusal of proposal both cannot be considered in the similar manner and for what the refusal stand for. Similarly, willingness to pay is nightimes regarded as the willingness to accept. Sometimes, WTP estimates weather the respondent wills to pay or just responds for the moral satisfaction, how the policy-making surgical process utilized the benefit estimation. Before each question it gives an schooling about the question and the relative taxes and be that will apply. In this way, the respondents and the interviewer maintain an atmosphere of confidence and reliableness. Political views of freedom to ask and freedom to say atomic number 18 well adopted in the research paper. Most of the quest ions are answered in a more(prenominal) reasonable manner and respondent have try their best to answer as many question and bid as more as thinkable but in the other paper, respondents avoided some of the questions and responded some of the questions in an unsatisfactory manner. The utilization of multiples as image the current amount, three times the current amount, intravenous feeding times the current value or adept thousand times the current amount do the research more cost efficient as it could be without the utilization of multiple values.... The questionnaire is such intentional to provide an information to the respondents in both the papers but the method of interaction utilized in the paper Benefits of Costs and Wildlife Enhancement Scheme A Case Study of the Pevensey Levels write by K. G. Willis are not much influencing. The article I struggled with this money business respondents perspectives on contingent valuation written by Judy Clark, Jacquelin Burgess and Ca rolyn M. Harrison utilizes the better interaction and information sharing methods. Before each question it gives an information about the question and the relative taxes and costs that will apply. In this way, the respondents and the interviewer maintain an atmosphere of confidence and reliability (Petterson &Williams 2005). Political views of freedom to ask and freedom to say are well adopted in the research paper. Most of the questions are answered in a more reasonable manner and respondent have tried their best to answer as many question and bid as more as possible but in the other paper, respondents avoided some of the questions and responded some of the questions in an unsatisfactory manner. The utilization of multiples as double the current amount, three times the current amount, four times the current value or one thousand times the current amount made the research more cost efficient as it could be without the utilization of multiple values. These questions have still indefi nite and unsatisfactory answers however, the satisfactory results can be achieved by utilizing a better questionnaire design. A well-researched method can resolve the problem associated with the WTP and CV

Why kids attract towards animation and 3d animated films Essay

Why kids attract towards lifespan and 3d stir films - Essay ExampleBentrancourt and Chassot (2008, p. 3) highlight that the fundamental reason why kids argon attracted towards active films is due to the visualizations they create, which helps in overall understanding of situations. Further, it is claimed that animations atomic number 18 very helpful for kids because they enhance memory of the animated information which later aids to advance comprehension of various situations depicted by the animations. Therefore, it is observed that animations atomic number 18 attractive to children because they create memorization and comprehension of whatever subject they illustrate.Moreover, kids are attracted to animations and 3d animated films because they are funny and entertaining to watch. Therefore, they are very appealing, humorous, motivating and most often capture childrens attention. In their tender age and little comprehension abilities, kids get bored when watching television, hen ce, they are usually lean to watch more fun and entertaining programs than TV programs, which are mostly in the form of animations (Shanghai Jianghong Gifts, 2008). For example, if children were doing their readying at home and an adult was watching news, they are likely not to develop any engagement in the TV. However, if the channel is changed to a cartoon program, the kids result lose interest in the homework and will be motivated to watch TV. This proves that kids are attracted towards animated films because they are fun and entertaining to watch.In addition, kids are attracted to animation films because animations use space in representing elements in their relations. In this case, animations create characters that kids are able to connect to and themes which make character differences and this attracts them to watch animated films. Therefore, when kids watch animated films, they also develop favourite characters who world power be good in the film. Hence, this will give the

General Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

General direction - Case Study ExampleSales took place in bundle service but broad hardware and software were sold occasionally and not at a regular time interval which conduct to fluctuation in profitability. In plus, economic conditions and internal problems alike led to major(ip) setback for the rigid. Constraints master(prenominal) constraint for the firm was that the client demanded low cost product and the sale of its hardwares and softwares were pretty less as compared to the sale of software packages which resulted in loss of money in the companys ongoing services. The external factors also acted as one of the major constraint in the working of the firm. Objectives Personal objectives and corporate objectives are important for organizations as the personal objectives would help the members of the organization to expect maintained and disciplined towards the work and working environment and the corporate objectives would define the goals and target that are to be a chieved. Both personal and corporate objectives are somehow linked with each other. Corporate objectives usually connote to achieve a set goal like to capture market share of 10%, customer satisfaction and other factors n relation to the vocation. Therefore personal objectives would help to achieve the corporate objectives of the firm. diligence Analysis The industry analysis would take into consideration tools such as SWOT analysis which would confront at the strength and weaknesses, the internal issues along with the firms opportunity and threats referred to as the external issues two for software industry and the firm. SWOT Analysis Strength The partners of the firm, Dave had extensive programming experience and had worked for many software firms. The firms software package was highly praised by its customers and this it can be said that the system was highly successful adding it to be one of the strength of the company. The software industry had distributors according to t he size and indigence of the customers. Weakness The hardware and software because of their high price were not sold at regular interval which impacted the profitability of the firm. SWO primary source of income did not provide SWO with stable source of income. The firm was also financially unstable as a result banks refused to offer loans also lack of consistent selective information entry proved the internal issues of the firm. Opportunities opportunity for SWO in the future is to either sell of the firm or to expand the business in order to stay competitive in the software industry. In addition marketing sector can also be improved to create awareness. Threat A major threat came from the competitors of SWO as competition in the software industry is quite stiff. ACCPAC, IBM and Arthur Anderson were the leading competitors in the software industry. Key Success factors According to the distributors, better inventory and accounts management was the key success factor for the firm to regain its position and make a mark in the software industry. Consumer Analysis I II III IV Who Business form Computer parts Small distributors Mid size customers What distributors distributors distributors distributors When business Why bankrupt Unhappy with SWO service Receivables problems N/A How stomach effective service Provide service with the problem Market size N/A N/A N/A N/A Implications Individuals Professionals

To my unapproachable husband, Don Juan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To my unapproachable husband, wear out Juan - Essay ExampleCan it be that you fall in deceived me with false promises Looking back on our relationship, I wonder how I could be so innocent as to believe you would always be faithful. I have been told of your transgressions and as much as I want to dismiss the frivolous gossip, I batch non exclusively do so without your give waying to me and putting the lie to these words (33). My servant Gusman has tried to ease my hassle but even as he speaks he confirms your infidelity. How could I be so blind to your cold (33, 41) Why have you left me Why dissolve you not show me and defend yourself Let it be known that I after part give you any number of excuses and brush aside place the words on your tongue that would convince me that what I have been told is merely hearsay and not your true actions.I allow continue to pursue you and when we meet once more, I would ask you to say the words I lack to hear. I ask only that you explain y ourself, that you range me you adore me and that nothing but death can tear us apart. I need to hear you convince me that urgent business called you away, and nothing slight than that would separate us. Please make it known that you will return to me as soon as you can and that you live with the thought of being with me once more. Your honeyed words brought me into our nuptial bed, but now you would see to be without the language of love, more tongue-tied than smooth in speech (41-42).I must tell you, tI must tell you, though it breaks my heart to say it, that my brothers are on a quest to find you and to kill you (69 Fort & Kates 47)). As heart-sore as I am at your departure me, I do not wish to see you dead. It is my hope that Gusman can deliver this letter at least to your manservant so that you will be warned of danger. Gusman has told me that my devotion to you might be met with poor return should I find you. He has tried to convince me to stay at home, but I have not chose n to listen. Surely, you would not wrong me in this way. Do the holy bonds of matrimony have no message to you-you, to whom the sacred doors of the convent were no barrier (34 Fort & Kates 47). Sganarelle, your loyal servant, has called you a scoundrel. Can that truly beAt our last meeting, you neglected to clear my mind of doubt, and it was I who invented a hundred good reasons for your sudden departure. Should you, at the very least, choose to answer this letter, you can swear your heart is unchanged and you still adore me. You can tell me how sad you are that business keeps you from returning home for some time, and if I simply return home quietly, you will follow me as soon as your affairs will allow it. If you cannot face me and say these words, at least in a letter they would soothe my pain. The stories I have hear about your infidelity are difficult to accept, and you could so quickly put my doubts to rest. There is talk of a peasant girl, in fact more than one peasant girl, with whom you have dallied (49 Gethner, para. 9). Tell me it is not so. If you can but convince me of fidelity and love, I will erase all of the accusations I am fashioning against you and will love you forever.I have spoken with your father, and he assures me though you have sinned in the past, you have seen the error of your ways, and it is my strongest desire that since our marriage, you have been loyal to me. With hope for our future.

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis Research Paper

The coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis - look for Paper ExampleThere are various interesting issues about the North American marketplace for The Coca-Cola Company in names of its volume growth or declines for the period. For instance, in the second pull out of 2012, in that respect was a volume growth of 4% at the global level. In the same aspect, in the get it turned to 5% in accordance with the year-to-date ratings. Therefore, this suggests that at that place was a growth of volume by 1% for North America in the succeeding quarter and year-to-date affecting even the international volume that leapt to 5%. Alternatively, in the following second quarter, there was a growth of 3% of cabbage taxs with an new(prenominal) 7% of net revenues in the comparable currency (Onkvisit, 2004). This delegacy there were significant growths in the quarters and the net revenues of comparable currency. There was also the direct income standing at 7% with the net revenue of 6%. How ever, the met revenues have a possibility of decline if there are no checks in the growth of the operating income.It is also essential to note there are varying drivers of profitability during the quarter at The Coca Cola Company. This has also led to, interesting long-term, impact in term of lolly and eventual success. For example, there is the maximization of returns through close monitoring of profits and minimization of losses. In the prospect of maximization of returns, the bon ton ensures that it gives its shareholders a large portion of their volume sales. (Hannaford, 2007). Alternatively, another driving factor is marketing in the circumstance of distribution and donation of both macro and micro profits. In distribution channels, there is the direct and collateral selling type that gives the beverage company an edge of its competitors such as Pepsi and Nestle among others. Therefore, the long term effect of these profits is expansion and increased production in new market s across the world. The Earning per Share results for the quarter in comparison to diachronic results and long-term growth targets have interesting information. For instance, in the trio quarter, the EPS was a headwind of 5% with comparable net revenue of 7%. This eventually deflated to $ 0.50% in the same third quarter from net revenue of 4%. Similarly, there is also the comparable EPS that stands at 2% from the radiation pattern $0.51 in the year-to-date monetary analysis (Rich et al 2009). However, if compared to the historic results and the long-term targets, there are various disparities. The historic results posted an EPS of $1.65 from comparable net revenue of 2% and 5% respectively in the third quarter. This means that there will be an increase of volume growth in the context of net revenue and comparable operating income. Furthermore, it would also reflect on the currency neutral of net revenues that affect the financial analysis of Earning per Share. The Coca Cola Comp any has made tremendous achievements of growth leading to acquisition of other feasible emerging markets. On that account, the emerging markets include Thailand, South Africa, India and China that have displayed a leading light consumption of the companys products (Pacek & Thorniley, 2007). This has led the beverage company to make heavy investments in terms of marketing expansion and distribution network. Similarly, there will be an establishment of new bottling plants that generate profits to equal to the net value of the company. Alternatively, the Coca Cola Compa

Principles of General Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of General surgical operation - Essay ExampleIn a symptomatic laparotomy, the nature of the disease is unknown, and laparotomy is deemed the best way to differentiate the cause. In therapeutic laparotomy, a cause has been identified (e.g. peptic ulcer, colon cancer) and laparotomy is required for its therapy. Usually, only diagnostic laparotomy is referred to as a surgical operation by itself and when a specific operation is already planned, laparotomy is considered notwithstanding the first step of the procedure.Depending on incision placement, it may give access to any abdominal electric organ or space, and is the first step in any major diagnostic or therapeutic surgical procedure of these organs, which include the lower part of the digestive tract (the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon), the liver, pancreas and spleen, the bladder, the female reproductive organs (the womb and ovaries) and the retroperitoneum (the kidneys, the aorta, abdominal lymph node s) The most common incision for laparotomy is the midline incision, a vertical incision which follows the linea alba. The upper midline incision usually extends from the xiphoid process to the umbilicus, while a typical lower midline incision is express by the umbilicus superiorly and by the pubic symphysis inferiorly. Sometimes a single incision extending from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis is employed, especially in trauma surgery. Midline incisions are particularly favored in diagnostic laparotomy, as they allow wide access to most of the abdominal cavity.

Visionary Mr Mineka Wickramasingh Essay Example for Free

Visionary Mr Mineka Wickramasingh EssayBrief background on CBL (Munchee)It was the visionary Mr Mineka Wickramasingha in 1960 who wanted to exposit his family business from the coffee bean commercialise. It was at the selfsame(prenominal) fourth dimension that CARE looked at sources of eatable for the p wholly e reallyplacety stricken. It was a substitute of a cookie that Mr Wickramasinghe proposed looking to expand on those business enterp cosmetic surgerys. At that sequence the securities sedulousness place leaders were Maliban. They were the unitarys who were awarded the contract. Due to lack of space, CBL was first launched at Dehiwela in his make set forth to kindle a high protein cookys for schools. From this footing Munchee, has marched forward to capture 80% of the f arstuff of the local securities industry. For all over 40 socio-economic classs the steel has incured a certain nostalgia that is irreplaceable by any different chump. The unde rstanding is enjoyed young and old alike. thither vision is to be cut the pattern one cookie in Asia. wargon portfolioCBL like a shot produces various food for thought items which lead become house hold forebodes in Sri Lanka. CBL refinement is non and with biscuits to which consumers argon to a greater ex disco biscuitt familiar, they in like manner hire coffee beans under brand name Ritzbury since 1990s. The early(a) brands atomic chassis 18 Tiara and Lanka soja. There ar numerous subcategories under each harvest-home. There are jellies, soya stupid harvest-feasts, cereal harvest-festivals, herbal porridges, soups and much more. Sub Categories under the Munchee brandSweet biscuitsCrackers magnifys Savory biscuits run d avow BiscuitsMarie Cookies respective(a) HerbalWafersThese are premium and peck-moulded coffee berrys. They come in boxes and slabs. Can be as a surface biscuits or wafers or beans or cleardy bars. It is indifferent flavours, type, and si ze. Sub CategoriesChocolate Coated Biscuits Chocolate Slabs toyCaterers RangeChocolate Coated Beans Chocolate Coated B on the wholesChocolate Coated Candy Bars Specialty ChocolatesChocolate Coated Wafers frail sponge cake made to perfect texture and baskLayer patty Portion Cake Butter Sponge Cake Swiss RollCompany performanceCeylon Biscuits is of undisputable quality. CBL has carryn a reaping both in exchanges and unsloped for the last 5 years. R in judgment of convictionue had doubled from Rs.1.9 to Rs 5,2 Billion by 2005. Group sw ripen grew by 48% that same year. Net profit that year was Rs.533 Mio. This was the highest recorded profit for this follow. CBL profit bit by bit grew, as it caught on to an international grocery store. By 2011 sales revenue has grown by 25% in com comparabilityison to 2010. The overall profit margin was around 9% for the youngly gone five years. If ever the keep conjunction saw a small decline it was repayable to industrial unrest. T his biscuit is spread over 95,000 retail bulgelets all around Sri Lanka. CBL exportationations to 36 international destinations. It has been able to spread its fame in southern near Asia as sanitary. rough of the countries of export are USA, Canada, Australia, UK, Hong Kong, China, India, Maldives and even the Middle eastmost countries. The yearbook export revenue is aboutwhat US $ 4 to 5 railcardinal. CBL has many awards for its entrepreneurship. These awards are Exports in the aureate Category, Product check off of the Year for four consecutive years, Anugu International Food Fair award. The perfunctory ware is around 150 tons. The annual ripeningion is around 45,000 tons. The go withs labor durability is nearly 3,500. Company sustainability relies on strict norms on quality, texture and taste. For this it uses the in vogue(p) technology, innovative commercialiseing, re search and development. The ternary C analysisThere are three phases that quest to be car efull-of-the-moony scrutinized in order kick in up a kernel overview of the harvest-time. guest analysisOf the main brand Munchee, the customer analysis bequeath be do on a sub category -Marie widely cognize as Tikiri Marie or Munchee Tikiri Marie. It is a small surface biscuit. The trade place segment chosen were children. now it is cantonmented in a living fresh pack sold at a economical price. The elevatement that was do on a grade of media was recorded in the most lovely musical mode, backed by lyrics that set a smile on the lips of any child. It was later that Maliban put a Marie carry into the trade. But by then Munchee Tikiri Marie had topicn the merchandise by storm. Competitor analysisThere has been great potential for a childrens biscuit in the market. CBL had limited resources, especially in end product technology which restricted revenue. It was the consumer preference that motivated CBL to keep producing the Marie Biscuit. At one point in time 50 % of the performance was Marie. Yet, the companion was unable to raise profits. Maliban held unfluctuating to its position. No ad, make do advances or merchandising was able take over the market package that Maliban held. Maliban Marie has an bizarre flavor that was unmatchable. Volume market contend (Total Biscuit Market-February 2005)Communication analysisThis is a (B2C) nature of business. The go with has used motilitys such as Tikiri Marie scholarship computer political program.-Munchee Tikiri Shishyadara. Expansion programs worth Rs. 500 zillion Rs. 300 million for state of the art plant. It was k straight offn as jutt 6 from Italy. CBL went to war using all types of media from TV, untestedspaper, radio, magazines, even websites to lay out a naked as a jaybird Marie. There was a series of advertisement for Tikiri Marie- from Kohomada Tikiri Mole to the first twenty-four hours in school. All hunt downs had been embarked under their bodied moto-A crowning suc cess. This was CBL communication approach of tack Maliban.Target market for Munchee Tikiri MarieThe brand Munchee has non only spread over domestic market and in addition the export market. Munchee is now exported to over 36 countries. Munchee dismiss be seen in Gourmet Shops in Australia, supermarket like Wal-Mart, K-mart worldwide in countries like UK, Germany , Italy , Middle-East , Canada andJapan. South East Asian region is spread over 11 countries. When Munchee is object glass marketed in this neighborhood, it moldiness be the same guide market as of the different South Asian countries. It is the high quality, texture and taste that captivate any child in any country. Because of this CBL must ensure that they do not loose the perception of a biscuit for children. As it is not being partnered by any keep high society as it was in UK the brand name can prevail. here CBL necessarily to position its product, thus no private label allow be demanded either like NTUC o f Singapore and Supreme brand in China. Segment for MarieGeographical segmentation-South Asia, Europe, America, UKDemographical Segmentation Age, taste, texture, incomeBehavioral segment- instant, nutritiousProduct positioning of MarieBrand Identity vs. Competition(Source- AC Neilson)Premium quality, Innovative and value for notes brand available at arms length of desire. Scope of this Integrated Marketing Communications PlanIt looks in to objectives, strategies, and putzs in communication used to successfully bring about integrated marketing. The plan go forth discuss ways to launch a program to communicate product. Marketing objectiveIncrease the sale of Munchee Buiscuits. CBL is looking to increase sales by 5% within the side by side(p) two years. With this to increase the market share by 5% at the end of the second year. Increase the company profile piece enhancing the product among the target market. Munchee in like manner wishes to capacitoren Brand image among South East Asian countries as a healthy, nutritious biscuit. Communication ObjectiveAwareness program to upset 20% of target market through television, modernisticspaper advertising and web promotions. At least 5% the target market must purchase the product. Issues and ChallengesThe target market whitethorn scram other preferences in biscuits. This entirelydepends on texture, flavor, taste, influence and size. therefrom the promotions/advertising will have a bun in the oven to be attractive, creative and innovative in order to reach the hearts and minds of South East Asian Children. Situational analysisCurrent problem facing product* The target audience may not be reached.* They may prefer other biscuits.* Difficult to build brand loyalty in the food industry.Identifying target* The target market is chosen taking taste and nutrition in to consideration. * Targeting people who looks for low price exclusively has to be of quality. Selecting a Market to TargetSouth East AsiaGeograp hic segmentationChildren of the age 1-16 , Middle classDemographic segmentationTarget marketInstant, nutritiousBehavioral segmentationThe target market that has been chosen is of the geographical location of South East Asia region among a demographic target of children in the midst of the ages of 1-16. In modern South East Asia food in freely available for purchases for people who are one the move. This biscuit provides nutrients that are good for children and is an well-to-do snack in a keep fresh pack. It is instant food for hungry youngsters. Positioning through Marketing Strategies* Introductory price* Chance to tasteCompetitionProduct ComparisonThere are companies like DIMOs that offer discounts to Government servants but no company has offered it to Bankers. AMW is the first to get into this program.Barriers to Entry* The awareness in low.* Banks have tied with other automobile companies, on a reprint basis for their leasing requirements and the rung gets their vehicles a lso leased through those companies. * Buyers may go for second hand as the economic situations are tough. Competitor Differentiation Chery QQ small PandaFeatures Small hatch back with comfortable interior, Three cylinder DOHCMPI 12V Petrol 812 CC engine Chery is import from China and marketed in Sri Lanka by David Peiris Motor Company Micro car, Volvo tech, 1300 cc engine. Made in Sri Lanka. Comes with and without air bag. Target Market Working professionals Working professionals Strengths Low price, Brand backing Made in Sri Lanka Weakness Small sphere of customers, No discount Small contrive of customersNo discountConsumer Behaviour problems set about in addressing communication message There is nothing extraordinarily attractive about the AMW Maruti. But the interior is appealing. It is economical on the fuel. There is a one year sanction on the car. These are some of the aspects in regards to the car that a consumer will look at. because the consumer is sledding to look at the company that selling the car. Associated Motor Ways Ltd is one of the oldest automobile conglomerates in Sri Lanka. They are the sole distributors of Suzuki vehicles in Sri Lanka and are affiliated with several brand names in the motor industry such as Nissan, Yamaha, and Goodyear. Addressing the problems with the vehicle such as no extra ordinary beauty about the vehicle or that there is fume emission from the vehicles which is hazardous to the external environment, what AMW c oncentrates on is the interior of the car and how economical it is. The Maruti is good on fuel. The size makes it easy to handle. This car is value for money. BrandingBankers are probable for a discount program where the vehicles are leased giving a bank loan. Maruti is likely to rest in the minds of the buyer due to features of the vehicle, the interior and the engine capacity in relation to the other brands of this same model which where given under competitor analysis. The Maruti is a more durable and dependable brand. Position avermentThis promotion is available only for bankers that are permanent in their jobs and the loan facilities are available. Any other financing will not be permitted. The discount is available for all colours of Maruti. PromotionThe promotion is done within Colombo and its near suburbs. For this promotion 50% of the budgeted funds are allocated. This was first circulated to family and friends, for the intelligence operation of mouth is the cheapest and the best way of promoting a discount program. Gradually as the awareness starts to increase it will be circulated among banks, first on a personal basis to call whose contacts can be acquired. Then the leasing managers or the staff managers in charge of staff leasing will be approached. Depending on the geographical location, banks will be approached in regards to the promotion. Once the approval has been obtained by the management, posters will distribute to main firstes. These are known as power position advertising. The dealership logo will be indicated in the poster. A itemization of the eligible staff members will be collected and a web establish mailer will be sent out to them. Permission will be acquired to post the promotion on an intranet facility that is handy only to the relevant bankers of the targeted bank. A car may be sent out to the main branch for display. Once the initial promotions have been done in and around the main branches where web may not be the best promotional attribute a news paper advertisement will be posted. The news paper will carry a pictureous depictation of the car with a Brand embassador. The Brand Ambassador can be a cricketer or any other sportsman who is working in a bank indicating that this is the best leasing offer ever. These adds will have to run every often and it must be made sure that the adds are not too small to see. It may be preferable to advertise in a Sinhalese paper when thinking of promoting the discount progr am among thesuburbs. There has to be creativity, trigger and an even flow for an advertisement to catch the eyes of the reader. A Saturday or Sunday paper is preferable as people have more time than on a weekday to read the paper. Television can be used as last resort. This is expensive but can be the most prestigious method of advertising. This is a sure a way of information gathering for viewers. The television adds usually have a lasting impression on the viewer. This is a sure way of assuring results for IMC. There are many highly watched channels of those the cheapest but the most effective can be used. The TV add can play surrounded by programs. The programs after which the add will be aired will have to be carefully chosen. It will need to depend on viewers discretion. The advertisement can go on for a period of 6 months at least. The web based marketing is other method by which advisement can be done. This is the most modern method. Some of the websites frequently visit ed by bankers are Facebook, ESPN, Google, YouTube, Digg.com, Myspace, and Perezhilton.com. The most popular of them all is Facebook, Google, and Youtube. All these websites focus on online advertisements. Websites like Facebook taps a large audience. This not only enables promoting to bankers but also lets others know the car sale. This is a good way to get other companies to tie up with the dealership of AMW. Communication Tactical Calendar Jan Feb Mar Apr may Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Poster News paper TV Web Display BudgetThe largest potion that is 50% of the budget is for promotion. Of the 50% promotional budget 30% will be allocated for television commercials, the remainder 20% for news paper, posters, display and web. The remainder 50% will be allocated for Brand Ambassador and miscellaneous expenses. The total allocation for the budget is Rs. 2,000,000/- Measurement systemImplementation ControlsMonitoring, review and c ontrol will be done by the dealership company with the collaboration with the bank that is leasing the vehicle. The review to be done on a monthly basis. Progress against targets to be analyzed. For this a marketing plan has to be drawn out. A target market needs to be chosen and a pilot project done before, the discount program is advertised. Once the dealership feels that this can be a successfully implemented then monitoring has to be undertaken. This has to be done carefully. Gap analysis done on a regular basis. Correction actions need to be taken if there is no progress within the first three months of advertising. Dealership may go back to the drawing board and redo the marketing plan again. Quality Assurance around this time the company was receiving a get of complaints regarding its biscuits breakages, poor taste, quality etc. Rather than ignore the issue, CBL inflexible to place an emphasis on investigating the cause of the complaints, and took corrective action, includ ing order changes, to reduce the high number of returns at the time. Setting up better procedures for packing, product handling and transportation, the company prepared for its future growth. It conducted daily taste tests of its own products and organized regular taste panels to compare its products with those of its competitors. It also methodically documented the specifications of all products being manufactured association that had previously been passed on through practice and word of mouth. As the demands on the Quality Assurance department began to rise, the company immovable in 1996 to seek ISO certification Today, quality self-reliance remains an area of particular pride for Munchee. The department plays a critical role in product testing and development of work process controls and systems. High hygiene standards for toilet habits and hair, together with regular dab tests of employees are strictly enforced. Every shipment of incoming materials is tested for quality and those that fail are rejected. pastime a complaint, products are collected from customers and subject to laboratory analysis. In 2004, CBL received HACCP certification for food safety together with SLS certification for its biscuits23.. With these in hand CBL became the only confectionary company in Sri Lanka to acquire all relevant qualitycertifications for its line of business i.e. SLS, ISO 90012000, ISO 1400124 and HACCP. Product DevelopmentProduct development also became an area of increased focus. slice CBL had begun operations with a line of distinctive biscuits, along with some generics. However, in the recent years the push for higher turnover had resulted in innovation playing a secondary role. Some of the biscuits that had made Munchee distinctive, were neglected in favor of more mass consumer products. CBL began formulations and potential improvements to flavor and quality. The company also began to actively investigate and keep up with new technologies and automo bilery by participating regularly at trade exhibitions and through membership in industry associations. DistributionAround this time CBL took the decision to rethink its methods of statistical dispersion and undertook to overhaul its sales and distribution causas in favor of a much bolder plan. Up to this point the company had depended almost all told on wholesalers to sell its products as a hassle free means of managing its distribution efforts. As a result, while CBL had the logistic and cost advantages of maintaining a lean sales team, the company suffered due to its dependence on the enthusiasm of its wholesalers to push its products. CBL decided to bite the bullet and invest heavily in its sales force. It expanded its distribution reach, increasing its number of distributors, changed the demarcation of sales regions into much smaller areas for more intensive sales efforts and recruited the regional and senior sales personnel required to cope with this new direction. 5.4.4 Cu stomer IntimacyWith the changes to its sales force, CBL was forced to face up to the fact that it was very removed from its consumers. The company recognized that it had been paralleling the moves and decisions made by Maliban rather than acting on real consumer insights. CBLs focus had been very much product centric concentrated on improvement of its formulation and production technology. It developed its products in isolation and once developed attempted to market them. Little guardianship had been paid to market enquiry, even on an at large(p) basis. Moreover, CBL began to understand that itscustomer was a new, youthful generation whose tastes and style were very different from the consumer of the previous ten years. Beginning in 1996, the Board itself noted this changed attitude by beginning to go to the field on a regular basis to a top down attempt to gauge market perceptions and trends. The newly developed sales force provided feedback from consumers and distributors an d the company took the raise abuse of setting up a recognise subsidiary to plan its marketing activities and to become more responsive to market needs an gaps. The holding company became primarily responsible for improving product quality and procedures. 5.4.5 Image BuildingCBL also recognized that in order to grow it had to become a better known name as a company. partly as a result of its multiple brand names, CBL itself was relatively unknown as a corporate entity. Embarking on a campaign to raise the profile of the company, CBL engaged the services of a consultant, and set out to gain greater corporate recognition for itself among both consumers and the business community. The publics lack of intimacy of the breadth of the companys activities was impede its activities as a holding company, particularly for purposes such as tapping the capital market. With the help of its consultant, CBL set about establishing a public image for itself. This was done primarily through the p rint media. Every week or so, an article regarding the company and its various corporate activities and Latest initiatives, including its export plans and CSR, appeared in the newspapers. Competitiveness BehaviourThe Biscuit WarsAround 1995, CBL had hit a wall in terms of increasing its turnover. Limited by its live production technology and consumer tastes, t its highest growth opportunity lay in the Marie biscuit market. While CBLs Marie25 biscuits now made up 50% of total production, the company was unable to meaningfully increase its sales and market share of the Marie category. It had attempted a variety of marketing activities including extensive advertising, merchandising and trade promotions, but was alleviate not able to take sufficient market share away from Maliban. The Munchee Marie biscuit was at this time essentially a knockoff of Malibans Marie and used verysimilar packaging. However, de evoke much effort and testing, eBL was not able to exactly reproduce the Maliba n Marie flavor. Although market share was a (then) respectable 10% and despite enthusiastic urgings from its own sales team to the contrary to be more like Maliban, CBL decided that the time had come to change tactics and be different in order to try to break through the turnover barrier. The Tikiri Marie CampaignMunchee hit on the winning concept of launching its own Marie as Tikiri Marie a petit sized Marie biscuit using an aggressive campaign entitled Tikiri Mole, to bring the little biscuit to the attention of consumers. The campaign targeted children with the use of attractive advertising and be a real turning point in Munchees growth and image. The biscuit was so successful that the smaller sized Tikiri Marie became the number one Marie biscuit in the Sri Lankan market, with a phenomenal 50 per cent of Marie market share and eventually forced the giant Maliban to acknowledge Munchee as a significant market player by playing copy cat and resizing its own Marie. 7 Part of Mu nchees success with Tikiri Marie stemmed from Malibans complacency and its failure to react to this attack on the Marie category. The Tikiri Marie campaign brought into effect other changes at CBL such as the introduction of Munchees keep fresh pack, which ensured better product knickknack. spare-time activity its success with Tikiri Marie CBL expanded the use of the fresh pack to the entire Munchee biscuit range. The company also commenced a Tikiri Marie scholarship program for school children in 1997 entitled Munchee Tikiri Shishyadara which it continues to this day. Now in its eighth year, the program provides 120 deserving children with scholarships of Rs. 1000 per month for one year with fresh applicants being selected annually. By 1998, the cumulative effect of the changes made through the 1990s, resulted in CBL achieving a 30% market share of the biscuit market (up from 20% at the start of the 1990s) and topping the Rs. 1 one thousand thousand turnover mark. This was a ma jor milepost for CBL, both internally and externally. The company was becoming better known, both to consumers for its brands and quality products and to the industry for its investments in good technology. CBL reinforced this reputation by committing to a Rs. 500 million expansion program Rs. 300 million of which was spent on a large state of the art plant from Italy. Plant 6 as it was known, was CBLslargest capacity plant thus far with five lines that could handle both hard and fermented dough. This action by CBL sent a slopped message, to its staff and associates, about CBLs optimism and confidence in the companys future growth commercialisation of this new plant, CBL planned to introduce a new range of biscuits to tackle Maliban spike-on. 6.1.2 The Lemon dramatise actionCBLs following strategic attack on Maliban came in 2001 with its Lemon Puff. The Munchee Lemon Puff had a unscathed 30% market share but as was the case with Marie, failed at growing sales farther as a me too product. CBL decided to re-Launch Lemon Puff, by promoting it as a sandwich biscuit with a higher quantity of lemon batter. The campaign was heralded by an intensive television campaign directed at capturing the attention of a new market. What the company did not reveal in its advertising was that the center itself had been vastly improved, through a new formula and upgraded technology. It was in fact a noticeably better overall sandwich biscuit than Malibans Lemon Puff rather than just being a look alike with more figure out. Going against the advice of its advertising company, Munchee replaced the tralatitious yellow packaging, synonymous with the Lemon Puff category, with a white wrapper. The superior moisture and odour barriers of the new metalized wrapper combined with the new catch ones breath pack technology, which used only two seals to achieve increased air-tightness, better preserved the crispness and freshness of the sandwich biscuit. This had been a problem th at had plagued both companies puffs for decades. Consumers who tasted the Munchee Lemon Puff for its extra cream (not enough cream was a complaint associated with both Lemon Puffs for years) were pleasantly surprised and chop-chop switched loyalty to the Munchee Lemon Puffs. Thus Munchee demonstrated that it was in touch with tastes of its consumers and used their feedback to improve its biscuits. The impact of the product changes were felt contiguously. Munchees market share in puffs went up from 30% to over 50% within a mere four months interest this relaunch, and grew the entire puff category from 12 to 16%. As a result, Malibans share of Lemon Puff which had been a staggering 70% plummeted to 29%. By now Munchee had 45% of the local biscuit market and was vying with Maliban for market leadership. CBLs succeeding(prenominal) big challenge was clear take on Maliban in the cream cracker market. patronage Munchees success at growing its sales,Maliban still had nearly 75% of the lucrative cracker market while Munchee was at a meager 23%. The Maliban cream cracker was well accepted and fix in the market. CBL had to beat a way of breaking through with an innovative cream cracker to take on this market. 6.1.3 The Cream Cracker AssaultThe following year, in 2002, CBL re-Iaunched its cracker as a overseer Cream Cracker, enriched with vitamins in a bold campaign, with live broadcast of two music shows held simultaneously in Colombo and Anuradhapura before massive crowds As they had done with the Lemon Puff, CBL used a new metalized pillow-pack with a contemporary look to break away from the traditional solid red Maliban packaging synonymous s with cream cracker and re-formulated the cracker to deliver a crisper and tastier product. The Munchee strategy of delivering a superior quality product that convinced consumers to switch brands proved a success and the results were phenomenal. Cracker sales grew, expanding its own market not merely taking over competitor share. Growth in sales nearly tripled and Munchees market share in cream cracker immediately doubled to 40%, reaching 50% the foHowing year. Today, of the total cream cracker category, which makes up 20% of the total domestic biscuit market, Munchee owns a 60% share. Super Cream Cracker accounts for 30% of the companys turnover, with a profit margin of over 25%. Munchee continues to fight aggressively for market share. Its most recent marketing campaign entitled Podi Badaginne targets the large 500 gm pack market, previously serviced by loose crackers. The focus is to use the cracker as a substitute for a full meal for chummary factory workers who are already provided with two meals from their work place. The company has again demonstrated its knowledge of customer needs and changing trends and lifestyles in Sri Lanka as the record 128% growth of this heavy use pack from 2004 to 2005 shows. Business ExpansionBeginning from the 1990s, CBL began looking at other areas in the food and confectionary industry to expand its businesses activities. 6.2.1 RitzburyOne of the first areas CBL explored was one naturally complementary to its existing line of business chocolate. At one time, the company had produced chocolate for Nestle and had some delineation to Nestles chocolate operations.Launched in 1991, Ritzbury chocolates began with chocolate coated (enrobed) biscuits. The company went through much teething pain in developing the right quality chocolate for its use. It struggled to develop a workable formulation one that tasted good while withstanding the melting and rancidity caused by the tropical Sri Lankan weather. Ritzbury gradually developed its market by first growing its range of coated biscuits, then expanding to chocolate candies and hand made chocolates, and only recently moving into the traditional slabs the largest market category. The companys strategy is to provide innovative catchy products to its consumers and thus differentiate from its competi tion. Ritzburys first doorway was Chunky Choc (chocolate covered biscuits sandwich with butterscotch cream filling), followed by tab key Chat (chocolate coated wafer with hazelnut cream) and Chocolate Fingers (chocolate coated finger biscuit). Another innovation for Sri Lanka was Pebbles (brightly colored, sugar coated chocolate candies). The Ritzbury range includes Nik Nak, (chocolate coated vanilla cream wafer), Go Nuts (colored chocolate coated peanuts), choosey (liquid chocolate stick) and Choco-La individual nuggets. Although it started out originally as a poor number four, Ritzbury recently bring Kandos (Ceylon Chocolates) to the number two spot in the chocolate market. However, at 21 % vs. 42% Ritzbury has only half(prenominal) the market share of market leader Edna and a long way to go to become number one. Further, Edna has itself shown to be very aggressive and quick in bringing out innovative products to the chocolate market. Ritzbury for its part, offers over 60 dif ferentiated items, at the full range of price points and with a dedicated sales force certainly provides its consumers passability and access. disrespect being a small local brand, it offers consumers a complete range of chocolates and chocolate coated products and for other products frequently provides comparable options to more expensive imported products. Examples are Pebbles as an alternative to Smarties, Chit Chat to Kit Kat and Go Nuts to MMs. Yet, apart from the hand molded forcefulness chocolates and coated biscuits products, the company has yet to fully convince local consumers that the quality of its slab range is on par with that of imports or Kandos. By 1997, following its first biscuit war and having grown its market share in the biscuit market to a respectable 30%, CBL began to focus on sales of Ritzbury. One impairment to improving growth CBL realized was the then singlechain of distribution it used for both biscuits and chocolates. In practical terms what this i mplied was that once a retailer had gone through purchases of the more established Munchee add up of biscuits they would have little money left for Ritzbury chocolates. Ritzbury sales were materially affected and it became evident that an alternative would have to be sought out. One option was to increase the breadth of the CBL range in order to afford to maintain a second line of distribution. 6.2.2 Pancho SnacksWith this in mind, CBL decided to enter the snack food market in 1998 under Ritzbury. Named Pancho, this snack range was made up primarily of extruded snacks. However, despite the companys sustained efforts with Pancho and the separate sales force, the impulse buy snack market proved a disappointing arena for CBL. Despite the introduction of two products under a new line named Catch Me together with a re-Launch of Pancho in 2000, the company found that it could only succeed in this market with a near continuous drift of promotions. Although CBL persevered in snack foods f or nearly five years, it was eventually forced to close up this operation and admit failure. With the aim of an expansion of its range still in mind, CBL next entered a completely unfamiliar food market. In 2000 due to its own financial difficulties, Yanik Incorporated, an investment bank, was selling its 79% lay on the line in soja bean Foods (Lanka) Limited, a public listed company manufacturing textured vegetable protein (TVP) nuggets. Soy Foods was a loss making number four player in the market but had pioneered a number of soy products under the brand Lanka Soy. CBL seized this opportunity to expand its range, encouraged by its beat Managing Director who had lie with in the soya area. CBL purchased the stake in Soy Foods at Rs.9/share and took over operations in September 2000 by 2002 the company had been successfully turned around and had become a viable entity. This was the success story that CBL had been searching for. The Soy Foods line allowed CBL to maintain a dual d istribution network, one for its biscuits and another for chocolates and soy. The effects of this isolation of chocolate sales from biscuits were immediate and notable. By 2002 Ritzbury had made impressive inroads into its competition and grown market share to over 15%. 6.2.3 Lanka SoyIn 2000 when CBL bought over management of Soy Foods (Lanka) Ltd. from Yanikit was a loss making company. Despite being the pioneer in the local soy market, Lanka Soy was at the time selling only 50% of the volumes of the market leader Raigam, with a 15% market share. The companys growth was stagnating in a rapidly growing market, and many smaller competitors were cashing on its market with lookalike products. The ambitious strategy set out for a turnaround of the company was to aim to make it not merely profitable but the market leader. CBL decided that not only was it necessary to grow Lanka Soys market share, through a fresh look and product, it was freeing to grow the total product market through a change in positioning. Thinking very innovatively, the company decided what was needed was to position soya not just as a vegetarian food, but as a more economical substitute for the protein content of a main meal. Touting advantages such as convenience, price and the lack of freezer requirements together with newly introduced catchy features such as interesting shapes and flavors, a whole range of new branded soy products were launched under the Lanka Soy umbrella. Given that at the time, poulet flavored soya was the most popular soya product the company decided it would introduce interesting flavors to keep company new presentation efforts. In order to take the competition head on, it improved the taste of its traditional range, while also increasing its product range. It developed not one but a range of chicken flavors, under the brand Chikosoy, consisting of tandoori, masala, roast and chilli chicken flavors. For the traditional vegetarian market, it introduced the Vegesoy r ange a further four flavors of mushroom, hot and spicy, Chinese chop suey and Indian rasam. But its piece de resistance was a completely new entrant Malusoy. This range of not merely fish but also seafood flavors truly tapped into a very safe local preference for seafood. Malusoy comprised spratts, devilled prawns, cuttlefish and ambul thiyal flavors. Packaging for the four new sub brands was done using a range of appealing eye-catching colors, with a unique logo designed for each. publicize again interestingly was carried out individually on a sub brand basis. For example, Malusoy used a two column poster conveying the advantages over canned fish. The company also took the extra step of providing a sauce sachet to provide a one step cooking process. Emphasis was placed to introduce the cooked product to consumers by way of cookery demonstrations and street promotions. In particular, Malusoy was aimed at areas with littlecoastal access. sales efforts were overhauled, re-demarcat ing a network to reach 35,000 outlets with designated representatives for supermarkets, catering and restaurant arenas. The results were strong. By early 2002 Lanka Soys market share had jumped to 25% hitting 30% and market leadership a year later. Malusoy to eBLs surprise turned out to be Lanka Soys front runner in sales. The strategy to offer consumers, as a household, their daily main mantrap at a price less than half the price of canned or fresh sea food was highly successful. Within 24 months Malusoy sales exceeded 500,000 packets a month, making up over 14% of the total soy market. Due to the sudden launch of many interesting products at the same time Lankasoy established itself as trend setter and frontrunner of the soya product market. 6.2.4 Tiara CakeseBLs next expansion was within the local confectionary business -the lucrative Rs. 4 billion plus local cake market. eBLs main biscuit and chocolate operations had traditionally taken place at its home factory located along with its head office in Pannipitiya. However in 2002, the company invested Rs. 1.5 billion to set up eBL Foods International (eBL Foods), a Board of Investment (BOI) approved company in Rannala, about one hour away. Awarded a 10 year tax holiday, eBL Foods has a mandate to manufacture bakery products and chocolates the former includes a new line of cakes under the brand name Tiara. The new venture commenced operations in September 2004 with a new line of portion cakes individually wrapped sponge layer cakes, marketed under the Tiara sub brand Okay, The product line also includes swiss rolls. CBL Foods boasts a state of the art plant intended primarily for cakes and a Clean Room,,33 to guarantee freshness for a shelf life of up to eight months. Due to production constraints faced elsewhere however the 110,000 square foot modern facility also includes manufacturing and packing for chocolates, wafers and biscuits the last mentioned including both hard and soft dough. CBL expects th at its group tax slab will come down to 32.5% as a result of CBL Foods tax advantaged status and the shifting of these manufacturing of chocolates, wafers and biscuits, which previously came under Ceylon Biscuits tax slab. The company uses a formula to determine profit and is taxed at the preferential rate of 15% on its export. 6.2.5 Other SnacksIn 2004, CBL invested Rs. 50 million to acquire a 60% stake in Cecil Food (Pvt) Limited (Cecil Food) an organic producer of dehydrated fruit products, fruit juices, desiccated coconut and cashews primarily for the export market. Though the company had been in existence for 10 years and exported to 20 countries, it was facing financial difficulties. CBL brought to Cecil Foods the financial strength and management experience that it needed, while the founder retained a 25% stake. CBLs main interest in Cecil Food was its exposure to rural agriculture and its export and local market potential. The company presently exports to countries includi ng the US, UK, Germany, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, Malta, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Bahrain. build up with CBLs financial backing the company has overcome its working capital needs. CBLs infusion of capital has enabled the purchase of new equipment and is now looking at expanding sales to tap the local market. Cecil Foods also has a 100% owned subsidiary Cecil Fruit Canneries which concentrates on natural fruit juices for both the domestic and export markets. CBL intends to launch this range to the domestic market by introducing a line of fruit juices in novelty pouches. Export MarketsCBL has also set its sights on growing its revenues through tapping sales in overseas markets. Although CBL had been exporting biscuits from inception, around 1997, the company began to export regular container loads to the United States, Canada, Australia and India, while also investigating at lucrative export markets such as the Middle East. India became a particular focus, with the company beginning its own marketing effort there. By 2000 CBL was also exporting to the US, Canada, Australia, UK, Sweden, the Middle East, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Fiji Islands and the Maldives. Although the export sector took a long time to stabilize, export orders now go out to 36 countries, exceeding Rs. 110 million in value (USD$ 1 million) in 2004/5. Exports to the UK, Middle East and Canada are mainly to the so called ethnic markets catering to the Sri Lankan diaspora, but in other countries demand is slowly establishing into in the established biscuit market through chain distributors. While most exports are under private labels that it, outsourcing for overseas biscuit companies CBL has managed in some instances to establish its own brand. This is particularly the case inAustralia where the company has taken the additional step, as it did in India, of setting up its own marketing effort by establishing a company representative as market manager. Australia is now the main export ma rket for CBL, having overtaken the United States. CBL also enjoyed some recent success making inroads into westbound Africa. 6.3.1 Entry into IndiaThere are four accepted methods for a company to enter a foreign market exports, licensing, joint ventures and direct investment, which often represent an evolution in the degree of interest the company develops once it is present in the market. Beginning with straightforward exports from the mid 1990s and early exports of containers to India in 1999 CBL took the next step in developing the Indian market by investing Indian Rupees 3.6 crores (36 million) to purchase Parrys Confectionary based in Pondicherry, about an hour from Chennai. Setting up a 100% owned subsidiary Ritzbury India, CBL began manufacturing operations for the first time outside Sri Lanka. The acquisition provided CBL with a six line 350 ton a month manufacturing plant. The company entered the Indian market with the Munchee and Ritzbury brands, for distribution in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. While the chocolates were manufactured in Sri Lanka, most of the Munchee range was baked in India. CBL produced nine varieties of biscuits including Marie, Glucose biscuits and several creams at the Pondicherry plant. This manufacturing base in India proved to be both a blessing and a distress to CBL. On the one hand, it became a strong negotiating tool for CBL at a time of labour unrest. CBL was able to take a tough stance, threatening mental block and the moving of its entire manufacturing operations to its base in India. However, on the other hand, distribution arrangements provided by Parrys proved to be less than satisfactory. The company began a losing battle in trying to distribute its products. Revenues were far below expectations and Ritzbury India further faced a number of detrimental tariffs in South India. Despite a exculpate Trade Agreement with India, and a reduction of tariff to 3%, the state sales tax in Tamil Nadu was increased by 8% for import ed goods effectively nullifying any duty concessions. Following a second acquisition in India, CBL decided to completely dispose of its Chennai operations at a loss, adjournment Ritzbury India. In 2003 CBL heard about the sale through court auction of Bakemans, once the third largest biscuit manufacturer in India with a market sharehigh of 13% of the total Indian market. Outbidding its Indian competition in July 2004 CBL successfully acquired the assets of Bake mans at a cost ofRs .. 300 million. Along with the premises the company also gained six biscuit lines from the acquisition, two of which it chose to bring to Sri Lanka for installation at CBL foods to allay its present capacity constraints. Based in Patiala in the state of Punjab, CBL set up CBL India with plans to commence commercial production in the near future, using one biscuit line. Having recruited Bakemans former CEO, who had been directly involved in the companys rise to its one time number three position, CBL has a mbitious plans for India and its manufacturing operations there in the future. Tentatively oration of a Munchee-Bakemans brand name, CBL aspires to become number three in India within two years of operations and have the same type of success at retail that Dilmah has achieved in India CBLs challenge in India is to find a mass consumer line of biscuits similar to Marie and Cream Cracker in Sri Lanka. Glucose biscuits are an area that the company will have to examine, given their present popularity in India, but to compete with established players such as Parle-G and Britannia, CBL will need both a reliable distribution network and an attractive proposition for the Indian consumers to give it a try. The use of the Bakeman name, which would certainly aid the latter, is presently an issue. If CBL is able to use the Bakeman brand name in some form it will cut down market establishment time considerably. CBLs strength is that it has the innovation to develop a product to suit this market and it has proved in Sri Lanka that it has the quality and taste to convince consumers to switch to its brand. What remains to be seen is whether it will have sufficient insight into the Indian market to correctly select what that winning product and distribution strategy should be. Other Indian VenturesIn 2004 CBL entered into an treaty with Ferrero of Italy to distribute and undertake manufacturing on Ferreros behalf. Ferrero is the world renowned producer of Nutella, Tic Tac and Ferrero Rocher and Mon Cherie brands of chocolate and another family owned business. Presently the agreement entails the manufacture of boxes for Tic Tac, Ferreros signature mini mint, intended to be extended to the manufacture or finale of the mint pill also. CBL distributes Ferrero Rochers foil wrapped boxed chocolates,Nutella and Tic Tac for Ferrero in Sri Lanka and India. Manufacturing commenced in August 2005, packing pills imported from Australia into the boxes. Distribution is intended for Sri L anka, Africa, India and Pakistan. The linkup with Ferrero is another example of CBLs chairmans dynamic personality and relationship mental synthesis skills. Following initial contact in India, CBLs directors visited Ferreros head quarters in Alba, Italy, which Ferrero reciprocated with a visit to Sri Lanka. The company has show an interest in using Sri Lanka as a base for South Asian activities, moving its present activities from India, convinced of CBLsabilities as a business partner. CBL in turn hopes the association will expand its knowledge base through contact with the 60 year old Italian family business.Business Unit theatrical roleBiscuitsTurnover from Munchee biscuits, the biggest contributor to group turnover, grew 30% in the financial year 2004/5 and early results for 2005 show this trend continuing. Past years sales have grown at a similar overall pace, although specific products have shown even higher growth rates at times of changes and innovation. Profit margins on biscuits range from 20-25% with products such as Super Cream Cracker, Tiffin and Chocolate Puff being the most profitable. Biscuit sales are presently constrained primarily by production capability, with demand strong and the company intending to increase its production lines in 2005/6. To try to keep up with demand, CBL has brought down two lines already from its recent acquisition in India and plans to import a new 2 ton per hour machine from Italy, expected to be installed in early 2006. Group PerformanceWhile CBLs overall growth has been strong over the past five years with revenues more than doubling from Rs. 1.9 to Rs. 5.2 billion over the period, profit increases have been even higher due to various tax benefits. In 2005 CBLs group turnover grew 48% to Rs. 5.2 billion and net profit after tax grew 63% to Rs. 533 million, the highest ever in the companys 36 year history. gross sales surpassed the previous year across all areas of biscuits, chocolates, Soya and exports. The tr emendous groundwork line growth all the way indicates the contribution accrued from CBL Foods tax advantaged status. Incomparison the 2004 figures were 11% top line and 23% bottom line growth. On average, overall profit margin has been near 9% over the five year period. This is taking into account FlY 200112 which differs due to both the industrial unrest that CBL faced for two months of that financial year as well as the exhaustion of the tax benefits afforded by the 1988 Investment Tax Allowance.The companys latest earning per share figure (EPS) is an astonishing Rs. 53.12 and more impressively has grown from Rs. 36.75 in 2003. This EPS figure reflects the extraordinary growth that CBL has experienced over the last 10 years. EPS in the late 1990s was actually in the Rs. 3000 range on the companys original ordinary share capital of Rs. 390,000 (made up of 39,000 Rs. 10 shares). Path ForwardCeylon Biscuits faced with production capacity constraints for its biscuits, as demand has grown well beyond forecasts. It has adopted the following three pronged approach to increase capacity a) bringing down two biscuit lines from India from its Bakemans operation for immediate capacity expansion, b) importing a brand new large capacity plant from Italy and c) future capacity expansion of its Indian manufacturing operations. CBLs future growth will come from increasing exports of its established products and diversifying by supplement its domestic logistics and distribution capabilities to market its other products. The company is also increasingly open to looking at new opportunities, an example being manufacturing for Italian chocolate maker Ferrero. The companys core competencies for the future will be investment in technology, financial strength, sales and marketing competency and focused management. Key challenges will be dealing with its production restrictions and becoming able to compete on a global basis by 2007. CBLs greatest test will be when the Indo Lanka FTA final phase permits Indian biscuits to be imported duty free beginning 2007. CBL intends to examine becoming listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange over the next few years. Since the desire for listing does not seem to be driven by financial needs only, it is still unclear what CBL will gain from this step. The company wishes to formalize its procedures in order to firm up its financial transparency and professionalize its organization structure andoperations to ensure future continuity and success. There is a sentiment that going public will enforce the discipline required to ensure this. CBL is well poised with a business model to ensure ongoing value creation. It has spent time building strong brands that have future earnings potential. The brands have proven their competencies in that they have been replicated across new markets with success. However there are some concerns that need to be explored.Managing export marketsExport marketing could be more aggressive the model ado pted by Munchee for Australia of establishing a marketing office seems the proven highway to establish and develop key markets. We see some amazing possibilities for synergies for CBL in inviting someone of the caliber of Merrill 1. Fernando death chair Dilmah to its board, perhaps even offering Dilmah some equity in an export division or forming a separate export company, who could help with establishing relationships with some of Dilmahs retailers and distributors in Australia. One way or another, the use of a different model to fast track export market expansion is advisable. 5. Managing Indian market entryThis is the second greatest challenge facing the company. India is an amazingly dissimilar market to Sri Lanka despite certain cultural similarities. It is fragmented with over 15 million retail entities, the largest number in the world. The organized retail sector in India is only 3%. However, over 51 % of its population is under 25 years of age and the fastest growing sect or is the retail high-end supermarkets -expected to grow over three fold in the next five years (from US$8 billion to US$25 billion). Beginning with three malls in 2003, India had 25 by 2005 and is building 200 more. The pace of change is phenomenal. It makes sense to enter this high-end retail stress on core competencieslRefocus on Sales and MarketingCBLs passion for quality, capacity to build brands and technological and production innovativeness are great competencies to be retained. Skills like marketing and sales are always unstable. Such skills are in demand, pressures are great and often new challenges are looked for in different cycles of growth. No prim product management system or category managementis in place. It is important to have some depth to the marketing department. And while CBLs success speaks volumes for the capabilities of its current Director of marketing there is a need for a diversity of approaches and opinions so that marketing efforts do not grow stale. Key mid direct appointments need to be made. Customer intimacy Product leadership / Managing brand TOMIn spite of CBL making all the right moves, and succeeding in achieving higher scores than Maliban in most of the consumer research categories (see chart below), Munchee is still behind in brand Top-Of-Mind (TOM) recall. This is despite Munchee having strong market noise levels in share of voice and especially with the competition making so many mistakes. Part of the gap between Munchee and Maliban in top of mind recall can be explained by the long history of Maliban as a market leader, and that it was the dominant player for a very long time. Part of the gap between Munchee and Maliban in top of mind recall can be explained by the long history of Maliban as a market leader, and that it was the dominant player for a very long time.